Geography/Farming
How did trade influence Roman Civilization
Lots of Rivers and land
-Not as mountainous as Greece, allowing people to trade on the penninsula, makes it easier to trade with people on the water.
Protection: Alps in the north protect, being surrounded by 3 sides of water helped keep invaders out
Justinian
-Emperor of Rome, expanded Rome to original size
-Experienced Nika revolt, rebuilt HAGIA SOPHIA after it was burned down and made it one of the greatest buildings in the world.
What was the set up of the Roman Republic?
-Senate made laws
-Councils served for a year, controlled military, and oversaw government.
-Tribunes could veto laws if they applied to the plebians, Citizens could vote for people in the senate!
Republic
Type of Government
People vote on people to represent them
Rome had senate and tribunes
When the rich stopped caring and helping about the republic, it fell.
Emperor
Someone who rules over an empire.
In Rome during the Pax Romana, the emperor had ABSOLUTE rule
How did a unified civilization impact Roman Civilization?
-Everyone is safe on the penninsula
-They formed a common religion, culture and government
-With no mountains, nothing was blocking them and it was easy to travel on the rolling hills,
-All this helped them create a UNIFIED group
Constantine
Emperor of Rome - brought 2 halves together and protected Christianity - EDICT of MILAN
Named the capital city after himself "CONSTANTINOPLE"
How did the Roman Republic change over time?
People got corrupt, the rich started changing the laws to help only the rich --> this caused the republic to FALL!
Senate and Consul. How are they related?
It was the senate's job to pass laws
The senate was made up of Patricians NO Pelebians
Consul: 2 patrician leaders elected by the senate for 1 year and 1 term to run the military and oversee the Senate
Pax Romana
Roman Peace!
200 years in Roman history without civil wars
AKA: the Golden Age
Latifundias - how did this change farming and the rich vs. poor gap?
Rich bought farm land and did not hire citizens - they hired slaves which was cheap labor.
-This made the rich richer, but the citizens poor and they were forced to move into the cities or live on welfare.
-This made it harder for people to gain wealth
Augustus
First Emperor of Rome - brought peace and stability, adopted daughter's son for smooth transition of power, hired people outside his family. ESTABLISHED CENSUS.
From the beginning of the Republic to the Empire: what were some important changes that happened over time?
-Punic wars: hurt the economy and got rid of middle class
-The sold off lands became latifundias which shifted power to the rich which caused the republic to fall.
-All this shifted to an empire where Agustus tried to fix all the problems.
What is the difference between Patrician and Plebian?
Patrician: Name for upper class citizen in Rome
Plebeian: Regular citizens of Rome who made up most of the population
Census
Counting people to tax them fairly
Created by Emperor Agustus
What geologic feature(s) protected Rome and helped to influence the Roman civilization? Why?
Hannibal
Carthaginian General - crossed the Alps in 2nd Punic War.
-Destroyed Roman countryside, forcing Romans to flee to cities
-Destroyed farming middle class economy
-Battle of Zama - Hannibal lost this battle and caused Carthaage to lose the entire war.
Why did Rome and Carthage go to war?
-Rome wanted to expand beyond the penninsula and have trading control in the Mediterranian and Carthage was in their way.
-Carthage tried to take control over Sicily and Rome saw that as a threat to the peninsula
Tribune
Government officials made up of Plebians to represent Plebians
Pompeii
A city
Preserved by volcanic ask, much of the city can be dug up
Allows archeologists to learn about Rome because it is a city trapped in time
What made Roman Legions so effective?
-Well trained, disciplined, organized, flexible
-Built a ton of roads
Diocletian
Roman emperor, felt the empire was too large
-Split the empire in half and kept EASTERN part to himself
-Tried to slow inflation by controlling prices of goods and forcing people to stay in their jobs
What were the effects of war between Rome and Carthage?
-Carthage exterminated, Rome expands
-Economy is hurting and middle class farms are destroyed
Dictator
-Senate can elect on in time of crisis
-Serves 6 months
-Julius Caesar took title of a Dictator after he used his army to take control of Rome.
Legion
Name for Roman Army
People were organized, disciplined, and flexible
The army built roads, only citizens could be part of the army NOT slaves