Early Rome
This river was central to the location and development of Rome.
Tiber River?
This form of government allows citizens to elect officials to govern the state.
What is a republic?
These wealthy Roman landowners dominated the government of the early Republic.
Who are the patricians?
Rome fought three Punic Wars against this powerful North African city.
What is Carthage?
Conquered Roman territories outside Italy were organized into these.
What are provinces?
These two brothers attempted reforms to address problems facing Rome's common people.
Who are Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus?
Christians who were killed because they refused to abandon their religious beliefs became known by this term.
What are martyrs?
These people settled in west-central Italy and helped establish the villages that became Rome.
Who are the Latins?
This powerful governing body controlled public funds and directed Roman foreign policy.
What is the Senate?
This social class included most Roman farmers and workers.
Who are the plebeians?
This Carthaginian general crossed the Alps with an army that included war elephants.
Who is Hannibal?
Each Roman province was administered by one of these officials.
Who is a governor?
Tiberius Gracchus proposed reforms intended to help this struggling group of Romans.
Who are farmer-soldiers?
This Roman emperor declared his support for Christianity in A.D. 312 and later established Constantinople as a new eastern capital.
Who is Constantine?
This group ruled Rome during the late 600s B.C. and influenced Roman engineering, writing, and urban development.
Who are the Etruscans?
These two officials served as Rome's chief executives and were elected for one-year terms.
Who are the consuls?
The long struggle by plebeians to gain greater political and legal rights was known by this name.
What is the Conflict of the Orders?
Rome gained control of this island after winning the First Punic War.
What is Sicily?
This wealthy class of Roman businesspeople and landowners grew because of expanding Mediterranean trade.
Who are the equites?
This general created armies of volunteers who were rewarded with money, land, and war loot, encouraging soldiers to become personally loyal to their commanders.
Who is Gaius Marius?
This emperor made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire in A.D. 391.
Who is Theodosius?
Rome developed on this many hills, helping provide the city with natural defenses.
What are seven hills?
This Latin word meaning "I forbid" described a consul's ability to block the actions of the other consul.
What is a veto?
Around 450 B.C., Roman laws were written down on these famous tablets.
What are the Twelve Tables?
This Roman general defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C.
Who is Scipio?
After returning from long wars, many members of this important Roman group discovered that their farms had been damaged or destroyed.
Who are farmer-soldiers?
This Roman leader marched his army on Rome and later ruled as dictator from 82–79 B.C.
Who is Sulla?
Political instability, military weakness, economic decline, social change, and invasions by these peoples were all major causes of the Western Roman Empire's decline.
Who are the Germanic peoples?
Rome's location near this geographic feature of the Tiber helped make it an important center of trade.
What is a shallow river crossing?
During an emergency, Rome could temporarily give nearly absolute power to this official for up to six months.
Who is a dictator?
The Twelve Tables were publicly displayed in this important Roman public square.
What is the Forum?
This devastating 216 B.C. battle was a major victory for Hannibal, but Rome refused to surrender afterward.
What is the Battle of Cannae?
As small farmers lost their land, many moved here, where they often struggled to find employment and became dependent on government food.
What are Roman cities?
Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed this three-man political alliance in 60 B.C.
What is the First Triumvirate?
In this year, Romulus Augustulus, the final Western Roman emperor, was overthrown by a Germanic commander, traditionally marking the end of the Western Roman Empire.
What is A.D. 476?