Geography
The city of Rome benefited from this natural geographic feature, which offered protection and made attacks more difficult.
For about 500 years, Rome was led by kings. This government is characterized by having one ruler who controls everything.
What is a monarchy?
The cities of the Roman empire had this open area with a marketplace and buildings where citizens would shop and socialize (talk).
What is the forum?
This was a system of rules that the Roman Republic governed itself by. It was never written down. The Unites States' is.
What is a constitution?
This is the idea that everyone has to follow the law- even the highest officials or wealthiest people.
What is rule of law?
This major river flowed through Rome, providing crucial access for trade and transportation.
What is the Tiber River
After the kings were overthrown, Rome became this kind of government with different parts that were able to check and balance one another. Also, citizens were able to have more power and vote on laws.
Tired of the rule of kings, Romans changed their government to this form- a government with checks and balances, separation of powers, AND citizen rights!
What is a republic?
This word is what each consul (like the U.S president for Rome) could do to the other if they disagreed with a decision that was passed.
What is veto?
These are two types of people. One class of citizens is the wealthy class. The other is the common people. The common people fought for their rights as citizens, and even went on strike from fighting a war to get what they felt they deserved!
What are patricians and plebians.
This body of water allowed small boats to travel through, but was too small for larger ones. This gave Rome a natural defense system.
What is the Tiber River?
The Republic was the form of government for Rome for about 500 years. Then, Rome experienced civil wars and conflict. This man took over as dictator during this time of emergency.
Who is Julius Caesar?
This unit of the military had thousands of soliders. It was very helpful for Rome to expand it's territory.
What are legions?
These government officials were elected as people to enforce the law and act as judges. They were very powerful, but not as powerful as the consuls.
Who were the magistrates?
This group of people acted as wise advisors for the republic.
What is the senate?
Big, flat areas of land near Rome were great for growing food like wheat. This helped feed lots of people in the city!
What are fertile plains?
The new dictator of Rome ( who was only supposed to be in power for 6 months) declared himself emperor. In fear of having a monarchy, this group of people assassinated him.
What is the Senate?
The alphabet, stories like the Iliad, and gods were cultural traits that Rome had adopted from this other, well-known ancient civilization.
What is Ancient Greece?
This concept is important for a republic. It means that different parts of the government have different responsibilities. This is so that no person or group has too much power over others.
What are separation of powers?
This group of people voted on and passed laws, just like the parts of government that city-states in Ancient Greece had!
What are assemblies?
Located on a landmass that is now modern-day Italy, Rome's strategic position allowed it to dominate trade routes and access three major bodies of water: the Adriatic Sea, the Ionian Sea, and the Tyrrhenian Sea.
What is a peninsula?
The empire expanded to far away lands such as Northern Africa, France, Spain, and Germany. After expanding far and wide for a long time, the empire found itself again experiencing civil war ( people fighting amongst themselves in their own nation for power). This left the empire weakened and the empire split into these 2 separate empires.
What are the Western Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire?
A powerful army, roads,forts, alliances and diplomacy ( making deals with other places) were all methods Roman leaders used for the ___________ of the Roman Empire.
What is expansion?
This concept is similar separation of powers. This concept means that different parts of the government can prevent the other from taking their power too far. An example was that the Tribune of Plebs could veto decisions made by the magistrates they did not agree with.
What are checks and balances
Citizens were allowed to vote, and to have a trial if they were convicted of a crime. They also had to make sure they paid their taxes and served in the military or as jurors if needed. These were known as ______________________ and ________________ of citizens
What are rights and responsibilities?