THE REPUBLIC
THIS GENERAL BECAME DICTATOR FOR LIFE, CHAMPIONED THE CAUSE OF THE PLEBEIANS, CROSSED THE RUBICON, CONQUERED GAUL, AND WAS STABBED TO DEATH ON THE IDES OF MARCH (44 BC)
WHO IS JULIUS CAESAR?
THE ADOPTED SON OF JULIUS CAESAR, HE BECAME THE FIRST EMPEROR OF ROME AFTER DEFEATING MARC ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA AT THE BATTLE OF ACTIUM IN 31 BC
WHO IS AUGUSTUS?
RULER OF THE HUNS DURING 5th CENTURY, HIS ARMIES RAVAGED THE ROMAN EMPIRE BUT FAILED TO SACK ROME OR CONSTANTINOPLE
WHO IS ATTILA?
THE BEST PRESERVED ROMAN CITY, IT WAS BURIED UNDER A LAYER OF ASH FROM MOUNT VESUVIUS' ERUPTION IN 79 AD
WHAT IS POMPEII?
THIS GOVERNING BODY OF ELECTED OFFICIALS WAS THE SUPREME AUTHORITY OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC. AMERICA'S UPPER LEGISLATIVE HOUSE BEARS THE SAME NAME
WHAT IS THE SENATE?
THIS ALLY OF JULIUS CAESAR AND LOVER OF CLEOPATRA BECAME A CENTRAL FIGURE IN THE ROMAN CIVIL WARS AFTER CAESAR'S DEATH
WHO IS MARC ANTONY?
THIS EMPEROR CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY BEFORE VICTORY AT THE BATTLE OF MILVIAN BRIDGE (312 AD). HE IS CREDITED WITH LEGALIZING FREEDOM OF RELIGION THROUGH THE EDICT OF MILAN (318 AD).
WHO IS CONSTANTINE THE GREAT?
CARTHAGINIAN GENERAL DURING THE SECOND PUNIC WAR (218-201 BC), THIS MAN WAS FAMOUS FOR CROSSING THE ALPS WITH ELEPHANTS
WHO IS HANNIBAL?
THIS STONE MARVEL ALLOWED ANCIENT ROMAN CITIES TO SUSTAIN LARGE POPULATIONS BY PROVIDING FRESH WATER TO PUBLIC BATHS, FOUNTAINS, AND HOMES
WHAT IS AN AQUEDUCT?
THE ROMAN WORD "LATRINA" REFERRED TO THIS AQUATIC SYSTEM THAT LAID THE GROUNDWORK FOR THIS MODERN-DAY HOUSEHOLD UTILITY
WHAT IS INDOOR PLUMBING? (TOILETS)
THE DESTRUCTION OF THIS TRADING EMPIRE DURING THE PUNIC WARS ALLOWED THE ROMAN REPUBLIC TO BECOME UNDISPUTED MASTER OF THE MEDITERRANEAN
WHAT IS CARTHAGE?
EMPEROR GAIUS CAESAR AUGUSTUS GERMANICUS IS BETTER KNOWN BY THIS CHILDHOOD NICKNAME WHICH MEANS "LITTLE BOOTS" (37-41 AD)
WHO IS CALIGULA?
THIS LEADER OF ROME'S LARGEST SLAVE REVOLT WAS KILLED IN BATTLE WITH CRASSUS. HIS ARMY OF 6,000 SLAVES WERE CRUCIFIED AFTER HIS DEFEAT IN 71 BC
WHO IS SPARTACUS?
ORIGINALLY DEDICATED TO ALL THE GODS, THIS CIRCULAR TEMPLE IN ROME LATER BECAME A CHRISTIAN CHURCH, KNOWN TODAY AS THE BASILICA OF ST. MARY AND THE MARTYRS
WHAT IS THE PANTHEON?
THE RUSSIAN MONARCH'S HONORIFIC OF "TZAR" IS A DIMINUTIVE OF THIS ROMAN IMPERIAL TITLE
WHAT IS CAESAR?
THIS EXECUTIVE OFFICE WAS CREATED TO PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF ROME'S LOWER CLASS AGAINST THE ARISTOCRACY. THE GRACCHI BROTHERS BOTH HELD THIS POSITION
WHAT IS THE TRIBUNE OF THE PLEBS?
THIS EMPEROR SHIFTED THE IMPERIAL TITLE FROM THE PRINCIPATE TO THE DOMINATE, SPLIT THE EMPIRE IN 4 PARTS UNDER THE TETRARCHY, AND RESOLVED THE CRISIS OF THE 3RD CENTURY WITH HIS REFORMS
WHO IS DIOCLETIAN?
THE QUEEN OF THE ICENI TRIBE, THIS WARRIOR LED A REVOLT AGAINST THE ROMAN OCCUPATION OF BRITANNIA (60-61 AD)
WHO IS BOUDICA?
THIS STYLE OF CERAMIC ADORNMENT WAS A POPULAR IN ANCIENT ROME. MADE OUT OF MANY SMALL TESSERAE, THEY ARE TYPICALLY FOUND DECORATING THE FLOOR OR WALLS OF BATHHOUSES AND VILLAS
WHAT ARE MOSAICS?
THIS WINTER ROMAN FESTIVAL TEMPORARILY REVERSED SOCIAL ROLES IN A CARNIVAL ATMOSPHERE OF GIFT GIVING. SOME SCHOLARS HAVE CALLED IT THE BASIS FOR CHRISTMAS
WHAT IS SATURNALIA?
THE LAST KING OF ROME, HIS DOWNFALL IN 509 BC MARKED THE END OF ROME'S MONARCHY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE REPUBLIC
WHO IS TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS? AKA TARQUIN "THE PROUD"
PONTIUS PILATE GOVERNED THE PROVINCE OF JUDEA AND OVERSAW THE CRUCIFIXION OF JESUS CHRIST UNDER THIS EMPEROR'S REIGN (26-36 AD)
WHO IS EMPEROR TIBERIUS?
THIS GERMANIC CHIEFTAIN, RAISED BY ROMANS, LED A COALITION OF TRIBES TO VICTORY AGAINST THREE ROMAN LEGIONS AT THE BATTLE OF TEUTOBERG FOREST (9 AD)
WHO IS ARMINIUS?
THIS MASSIVE CONSTRUCTION PROTECTED ROME'S CAPITOL CONSTANTINOPLE FOR OVER 1,000 YEARS UNTIL BEING BROUGHT DOWN IN 1453 BY OTTOMAN GUNPOWDER
WHAT ARE THE THEODOSIAN WALLS? (AKA WALLS OF CONSTANTINOPLE)
LATIN FOR "SUPREME PONTIFF", THIS WAS THE TITLE OF CHIEF PRIEST IN THE ANCIENT ROMAN RELIGION. IT SURVIVES IN CATHOLICISM TODAY AND REFERS TO THE POPE
WHAT IS PONTIFEX MAXIMUS?