Types of Wings
Wings that have a detailed network of veins that are visible. Example: Flies
Membranous Wings
Which body segment do insect legs typically connect to?
Most insect legs connect to the thorax.
What is the most common echinoderm?
the sea star
name 3 out of the 5 classes we have covered in Phylum Arthropoda (double points if you name all 5!)
Insecta (insects), Arachnida (spiders & scorpions), Crustacea (crabs, shrimp, lobster, crayfish), Chilopoda (centipedes), Diplopoda (Millipedes)
Do spiders breathe through their mouths? If no, where do they breathe? Where does air enter their exoskeleton?
They breathe through book lungs, not their mouths. Air enters the exoskeleton through a slit in the abdomen, which is called a spiracle.
How many classes of echinoderms are there?
Additional points if you give names/examples
6 - *sea stars, *brittle stars, *sea urchins/sand dollars, *sea lilies/feather stars, *sea cucumbers, *sea daisies
Two major phyla we have covered about Invertebrates in this module?
Arthropoda & Echinodermata
Often hard to distinguish from other hard wings wings, these wings appear to be part of the exoskeleton - they are typically laid over a second membranous pair of wings to protect them. Does not normally cover the entire insect, just the second, more delicate set of wings. Ex. Grasshopper
Leatherlike Wings
How many body segments do insects have? Name them.
3 segments - head, thorax, abdomen
Echinoderms are slow-moving or __________.
Sessile (stationary)
Is a simple eye basic? Tell why or why not.
No - all eyes are complex. A simple eye has ONE lens.
What venomous spiders live in the USA?
Black Widow and Brown Recluse
Which class of echinoderm is least like the others? why is that creature still classified as an echinoderm?
sea cucumbers look least like other echinoderms, but their water vascular system classifies them with the other echinoderms
What is the organ of balance in a crustacean?
statocyst
Wings are used to cover and protect membranous wings and are tougher than leather-like wings. They typically cover almost the entire insect rather than just the membranous wings as was the case in leather-like wings. Examples: Ladybugs
Horny Wings
This type of metamorphosis has 4 stages. Tell the type and all four stages.
Complete Metamorphosis - Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult
True or false: echinoderms are the only animals in the animal kingdom to have a water vascular system.
true - a water vascular system is a network of water-filled canals that branch into structures called tube feet that function much like tiny suction cups.
What is a compound eye?
An eye made of many lenses, each with a limited scope
What unique body parts to spiders have? What is their function?
Spinnerets to spin silk
Book lungs to breathe
Fangs to inject venom
Who uses an external stomach to digest bivalves like clams, releasing digestive enzymes that break down the clam in its own shell?
sea stars
Mandibles - they move sideways rather than up and down
Wings have delicate scales that cover the wings and therefore are not transparent. The scales are easy to rub off as if they were made of powder. Examples: moths and butterflies
Scaled Wings
An insect goes through a nymph stage in its development period - what type of metamorphosis is this and how many stages are there?
Incomplete Metamorphosis - 3 stages; Egg, Nymph, Adult
Are echinoderms carnivores or herbivores. Give an example to support your answer. Additional points can be awarded.
sea stars = carnivorous, preying mostly on bivalves like clams
sea urchins = herbivores, using 5-part jawlike structure to scrape algae from surfaces of rocks
Do all arthropods have antennae?
no - arachnids do not have antennae
How many body segments do Arachnids have and what are they called?
What other creature that we have studied this chapter has the same amount of body segments?
2 - cephalothorax & abdomen
crustaceans also have 2 body segments
Do all invertebrates have an exoskeleton? What is it made of? What is its function?
NO - all arthropods have an exoskeleton. An exoskeleton is a body covering made of chitin, which provides support and protection.
What does it mean to molt?
to shed an outer covering so that it can be replaced with a new one
The toughest type of wing
horny wings
How do insects bring in air?
Through tiny holes in their exoskeletons called spiracles.
Endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate
Arthropoda means ___________
joint-footed - all arthropods have jointed appendages
The ___________ of a spider do the same job that the _______ do in a crayfish, except of course for the fact that the crayfish _____ extract dissolved oxygen gas from the water, while the spider's _______ extract oxygen from the air.
spiders --> book lungs
crayfish --> gills
What is the most populous phylum of invertebrates? Does it contain more species than all of the other phyla in Kingdom Animalia - true or false?
phylum Arthropoda (crayfish, lobsters, spiders, scorpions, & insects) contains more species than all of the other phyla in Kingdom Animalia combined!
Describe the open circulatory system in a crayfish. What force of nature is required for the system to work correctly?