Franklin's Life
DNA and the Double Helix
X-Ray Diffraction
Genetics and Central Dogma
Base Pairing
Fun-Facts
100
What country was Rosalind Franklin born in?
England
100
What two main components make up the backbone of the DNA molecule?
Sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups
100
What technique did Franklin use to capture "Photograph 51"?
X-ray diffraction
100
What is the process going from RNA to protein
Translation
100
What are the two base pairs in DNA?
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)
100
What was Rosalind Franklin’s nickname among her colleagues at King's College London?
"The Dark Lady of DNA"
200
What university did Franklin attend?
University of Cambridge
200
What did X-ray diffraction images of DNA reveal about its structure?
DNA's helical shape (Double Helix)
200
Photograph 51
200
What is the process where you go from DNA to RNA
Transcription
200
What is present in a nucleotide, but not a nucleoside?
Phosphate Group
200
Before pursuing her career in biochemistry, what was Franklin’s undergraduate degree in?
Physical chemistry
300
What did Franklin focus on before becoming involved in DNA research?
X-ray crystallography and/or structure of coal and graphite
300
What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds
300
What year did Franklin capture "Photograph 51"?
1952
300
Which enzyme is responsible for adding new nucleotides during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
300
In RNA, thymine (T) is replaced by which base?
Uracil (U)
300
After focusing on DNA, Franklin worked on the X-ray diffraction of which type of biological material?
Viruses
400
What is the primary challenge(s) Franklin faced in her career in her time?
Gender discrimination and lack of recognition in the male-dominated field.
400
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
DNA Helicase
400
What critical feature of DNA did Franklin's X-ray diffraction images suggest?
DNA had a helical structure (double helix)
400
A sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid is called what?
A codon
400
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between cytosine and guanine in a DNA molecule?
Three
400
Rosalind Franklin’s career was cut short by illness. What disease did she tragically die from at the age of 37?
Ovarian cancer
500
What institution did Franklin work at when she made her crucial discoveries about DNA?
King's College London
500
What are both strands of DNA in a double helix called? How do they run relative to each other?
Coding and template strand. Antiparallel.
500
What is the name of the technique used to study molecular structures by scattering X-rays off crystal samples?
X-ray crystallography
500
What is the Central Dogma - Indicate process (This to That through This process...)
DNA --> Transcription --> RNA --> Translation --> Protein
500
What is Chargaff's Rule?
The amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine.
500
Franklin has an astroid named after her. The astroid lies in between the orbits of what two planets?
Mars and Jupiter