GDP
GDP stands for Goal Directed this.
Answer: What is Perfusion?
How do you determine the DO2i if given a DO2
DO2/BSA
Prime volume reduction helps maintain this important measurement during CPB.
Answer: What is hematocrit (or hemoglobin)?
This type of flow might cause AKI
Inadequate
This is the single most important variable in perfusion that is directly correlated with patient outcomes, like the incidence of postoperative complications and mortality?
DO2
This organ is the focus of GDP therapy because it's very sensitive to low oxygen delivery.
Answer: What is the kidney?
These are 2 of the 3 numbers needed to calculate CaO2
HGB, Hufner's Constant (1.36), & SaO2 (assumed to be 100%)
This technique is used to reduce prime volume right before going on bypass when flow goes backwards.
RAP
Blood entering the CPB circuit will increase these types of markers
Inflammatory
What is the main goal of a perfusionist using a GDP approach, as it relates to oxygen, during a cardiac surgery case?
Ensure oxygenation meets demand
This is what the "i" stands for when you see DO₂i or VO₂i.
Answer: What is indexed (to BSA/body surface area)?
This is how Hufners constant is determined? mL of ____ per _____
O2 carrying capacity of hemoglogin (ml of O2 per gram)
This technique is used to reduce prime volume right before going on bypass with forward flow from the venous line
Venous antegrade autologous priming
(VAAP)
Low flow or a large amount of hemodilution might cause this (an absence of a certain molecule) in the kidneys or brain
Ischemia
What is the difference in mortality between patients who "pay back" their oxygen debt and those who do not?
a significant reduction in mortality for those who pay back their debt
This measurement uses calculus to determine how long and how deep oxygen delivery was below threshold.
Answer: What is AUC (Area Under the Curve)?
This the flow needed to achieve a DO2i of 280 for a patient that has a bsa of 2.5 m2 and a hemoglobin of 10
DO2 = DO2i x BSA
CaO2 = (Hgb x 1.36 x SaO2) + (O.003 x PaO2)
DO2 = CO x CaO2 x 10)
5 L/min
This is why prime reduction helps the kidneys during bypass
This is how temperature affects oxygen needs
Reduces the need
This is how you would measure VCO2 during a case
Capnograph
This is the volume difference in 1 meter of 1/2 inch (12.7mm) tubing vs 3/8(9.525mm) inch tubing?
(127-71) 56 mL
The most significant patient outcome associated with prime reduction is a decrease in the need for this.
Blood transfusions
What is a clinical condition that is considered an independent risk factor for acute renal failure, which a GDP strategy seeks to prevent?
Intraoperative Hemodilution
In regards to flow and hemoglobin, these two conditions were better than two other conditions (High and Low)
High Flow low Hgb better than low flow high hgb