The Renaissance
This word literally means "rebirth" and refers to the revival of art and learning.
Renaissance
These were "certificates" sold by the Church that supposedly pardoned sins.
Indulgences
He nailed the 95 Theses to a church door, starting the Reformation.
Martin Luther
This astronomer was the first to argue that the Sun was the center of the universe.
Nicolaus Copernicus
This invention by Johannes Gutenberg helped spread ideas rapidly.
Printing Press
This intellectual movement focused on human potential and achievements rather than religion.
Humanism
This was the name for the movement of religious reform that led to new Christian churches.
The Protestant Reformation
He believed in predestination and led the Reformation in Switzerland.
John Calvin
He used a telescope to support the heliocentric theory and faced a Church trial.
The Reformation led to a decrease in the power of this religious leader.
The Pope
This Italian city-state is considered the "birthplace" of the Renaissance.
Florence
This meeting of Catholic leaders aimed to reform the Church from within (Counter-Reformation).
Council of Trent
He broke away from the Catholic Church because he wanted a divorce and became head of the Church of England.
Henry VIII
Isaac Newton explained this universal force that keeps planets in orbit.
Gravity
This new way of thinking was based on observation and questioning old beliefs.
The Scientific Revolution
He is the ultimate "Renaissance Man," famous for painting the Mona Lisa.
Leonardo da Vinci
This group of Catholic missionaries was founded to spread Catholicism and stop Protestantism.
Jesuits
She was the English Queen who created a compromise between Catholics and Protestants.
Elizabeth I
This multi-step process for gathering and testing data was perfected during this time.
The Scientific Method
Renaissance art became more realistic thanks to this technique showing 3D depth.
Perspective
He is famous for his large, realistic statue of David as well as designing the Medici Chapel.
Michelangelo
This 1555 agreement allowed German princes to choose the religion for their own states.
Peace of Augsburg
She was the queen that caused terror for the protestants by burning them at the stake.
Mary I
He came up with the three laws or theories about how the planets orbit around the sun.
Johannes Kepler
The Renaissance and Reformation both encouraged people to do this to traditional authority.
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