Name that Gram Stain
Staphylococcus aureus
What is gram-positive cocci (in clusters)?
The marker on a UA dipstick for the presence of white blood cells.
What is leucocyte esterase?
Carbapenems, cephalosporins, monobactams, and penicillins are all considered subclasses of this larger class of antibiotic, so named after their characteristic chemical ring structure.
What are the beta-lactams?
The most common species of Candida to cause human infections.
What is Candida albicans?
This bacterial species is the leading cause of infectious endocarditis in the US.
Streptococcus agalactiae
What is gram-positive cocci (in pairs and chains)?
What CFU stands for in a urine culture result of 50,000 CFU/mL.
What is colony forming units?
This 2-agent combination antibiotic inhibits sequential steps in the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria, thereby inhibiting production of nucleic acid.
What is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole?
The round yeast with narrow-based budding produces a polysaccharide capsule that can be detected by antigen tests on serum or CSF with high sensitivity and specificity.
What is Cryptococcus neoformas (also C. gattii)?
The number of sets of blood culture generally recommended in the work-up of infectious endocarditis.
What is 3?
Salmonella enterica
What is gram-negative bacillus (rod)?
The most common UTI pathogen.
What is E. coli?
The class of antibiotic to which clavulanic acid and sulbactam belong.
What are beta-lactamase inhibitors?
This yeast, also know as brewer's yeast, is used to make bread and beer, and is only infrequently associated with clinical infections.
What is Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
Despite intrinsic resistance to this class of antibiotics, enterococci causing systemic infections (such as endocarditis) may be treated "high level" of these antibiotics in synergy with beta-lactam therapy.
What are aminoglycosides?
Moraxella catarrhalis
What is boric acid?
This class of antibiotic works by binding to the large (50S) bacterial ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein production, and is represented by such drugs as erythromycin, azithromycin, and fidaxomycin.
What are the macrolides?
This yeast pathogen was first described in a case of ear infection in Japan in 2009. It is concerning especially among hospitalized patients due to its ease of spread and established potential to become multidrug resistant.
What is Candida auris?
The most common reason for negative cultures in the face of infectious endocarditis.
Nocardia trasvaliensis
What is gram-positive bacillus (filamentous, branching)?
The only coagulase-negative staphylococcal species that is considered a uropathogen.
What is Staphylococcus saprophyticus?
This antibiotic class, now considered a drug of last resort for gram-negative MDRO infections, works by displacing cations in the outer membrane and destabilizing the LPS of the cell wall, which leads to cell lysis.
What are the polymyxins?
(Ex: polymyxin B and colistin)
The causative pathogen of tinea versicolor, this lipophilic yeast grows better with an olive oil overlay and is also known to cause fungemia in neonates receiving TPN.
What is Malassezia furfur?
The "K" in HACEK, a group of oral, gram-negative bacteria known to cause subacute endocarditis.
What is Kingella kingae?