Ancient Philosophy
Which ancient Greek philospher drank hemlock?
Socrates
Who said, "Cogito Ergo Sum"?
René Descartes
This philosopher wrote a significant manifesto outlining issues with the organization of economic structures and wealth distribution.
The principle of _______ judges acts on their tendency to produce benefit, advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness.
Utility
Parallel to Godfried Leibniz, Calculus was developed by which famous historical figure?
Isaac Newton
According to this ancient Greek philosopher, everything is composed of water.
Thales of Miletus
When did the early modern period begin? (Approximately)
17th century/1600s
This philosopher made tremendous improvements to utilitarianism and proposed the principle of liberty.
John Stuart Mill
Which philosopher is most commonly associated with deontological ethics?
Immanuel Kant
What philosophical position did the Vienna Circle support?
Logical Positivism
Which cultist ancient Greek philosopher considered banning beans?
Pythagoras
This Irish philosopher famously wrote, “If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?"
George Berkeley
This philosopher is often credited with founding liberalism as a distinct tradition based on the social contract, arguing that each man has a natural right to life, liberty and property, and governments must not violate these rights.
John Locke
The view that moral agents ought to act in their own self-interest reflects which ethical framework?
Ethical Egoism
According to Karl Popper, the ___________ principle is a way of demarcating science from pseudo-science.
Falsification
______ is the title of the book composed of sayings and ideas attributed to the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius (Kongzi).
The Analects
First formulated by David Hume, the ____ questions the reasons for believing that the future will resemble the past, or more broadly, it questions knowledge of unobserved things based on previous observations.
Problem of Induction
The view that the government is justified in legally restricting individuals from enacting behaviours that could harm their own well-being is called ________.
Legal Paternalism
In Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, the _________ is the balance between deficiency in virtue and excess of virtue.
Golden Mean
According to Thomas Khun, a _______ is a framework in which scientific development is contained and between these frameworks, there is no common measure for assessing scientific theories.
Paradigm
What are the three components of Plato's tripartite soul?
Reason, spirit, and appetite
This philosopher proposed a form of Pantheism and was harshly ex-communicated from the Amsterdam Portuguese-Jewish Congregation.
Benedictus Spinoza
The _______ is a type of institutional building and a system of control designed by the English philosopher and social theorist Jeremy Bentham in the 18th century.
Panopticon
________ is a view in ethics which states that persons who act to further the interests of others, ultimately serve their own interests.
Enlightened Self-interest
In simplified terms, this principle states: in trying to understand something, getting unnecessary information out of the way is the fastest way to the truth or to the best explanation.
Occam's Razor