Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics
What are the four processes involved in pharmacokinetics?
What are the four processes involved in pharmacokinetics?
What phase of the nursing process involves gathering patient data?
Assessment
What are the two patient identifiers you must use before administering any medication?
Name and Date of Birth
A patient receives midazolam and develops paradoxical agitation. What should the nurse do?
Discontinue the drug, and monitor the patient closely for further reactions.
What is the antidote for morphine overdose?
Naloxone
What organ is primarily responsible for the first-pass effect?
Liver
What does SMART stand for in nursing goals?
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound
If a medication error occurs, should it be reported?
Yes, always report and document the error.
A patient is taking ibuprofen for pain relief. What side effect should the nurse monitor for?
GI bleeding, abdominal pain, or dark stools.
What is a common side effect of phenytoin?
Gingival hyperplasia (gum overgrowth)
True or False. Protein binding increases the free drug available for action.
False. Protein binding decreases free drug availability.
In which phase of the nursing process do you develop interventions for the patient?
Planning
If a dose calculation for a patient requires 40 mg and the vial contains 5 mg/0.5 mL, how many mLs will you administer?
2 mL
A patient on lithium develops tremors and confusion. What should the nurse suspect?
Lithium toxicity.
Which electrolyte does lithium affect?
Sodium (lowers levels - hyponatremia)
Define the difference between an agonist and an antagonist.
Agonist = activates receptor; Antagonist = blocks receptor.
What does patient-centered care prioritize?
Involves patient preferences and values in decision-making.
What is the maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen for adults?
3000–4000 mg/day
A patient on haloperidol develops a tremor, stooped posture, and muscle rigidity. What does the nurse suspect?
Psuedoparkinsonism
What happens if gabapentin is stopped suddenly?
It can cause seizures.
What process is primarily responsible for the elimination of drugs from the body?
Excretion (primarily by the kidneys)
In the context of medication administration, which is prioritized: safety or education?
Safety (e.g., risk for falls)
If a patient is on morphine and is experiencing respiratory depression, what is the first intervention?
Monitor and support the airway and breathing, administer naloxone if necessary.
A patient taking sumatriptan reports chest pain. What is the nurse's action?
Stop the medication immediately and provide emergency care.
What is a serious risk when taking fluoxetine?
Serotonin syndrome (especially if combined with other serotonergic drugs).