Experimental Research
An attempt to organize certain data and specific relations among variables within a specific portion of a larger theory.
What is a hypothesis?
To suggest a cause and effect relationship this type of design is needed.
What is an experimental design?
A graph in which the mean for each category of a qualitative variable is represented as a vertical column.
What is a bar graph?
This function in R is used to transform data from wide format to long format?
What is gather()?
This principle of scientific thinking states that a hypothesis is testable only if it is able to be proven false.
What is falsifiability?
A hypothesis deals with conceptual variables, while this is based on operationally defined variables.
What is a prediction?
Accepting the null hypothesis when research hypothesis is true.
What is a Type 1 Error?
This add-on for ggplot() creates a bar graph.
What is geom_bar()?
This function in R creates a table of values calculated from a larger dataset
What is summarize()?
This study technique involves spacing out your study time across multiple days rather than one long chunk.
What is distributed practice?
A control procedure that achieves group equality by distributing extraneous variables equally to all groups.
What is balancing?
Has to have at least two levels
What is a variable?
This add-on for ggplot() creates a scatterplot.
What is geom_point()?
This function selects specified rows from a data frame.
What is filter()?
The tendency to resist new information that contradicts what you believe.
What is belief perseverance?
A threat to internal validity that can occur if experimental participants from different groups drop out of the experiment at different rates.
What is Mortality?
Any variable other than your independent variable that has an effect on your dependent variable.
What is an extraneous/confounding variable?
A graph in which the frequency for each bin of a quantitative variable is represented as a vertical column.
What is a histogram?
This function loads in the packages containing functions you plan to use during your current R Studio session.
What is library()?
In naturalistic observation, it is in the best interest of the researcher to be as unobtrusive as possible, but this method allows them to become a part of the group being studied.
What is participant observation?
These kinds of variable influence all groups in an experiment because they result in greater variability.
What are nuisance variables?
Confounding due to progressive order effects may occur in this kind of experimental design.
What is a within-subjects design?
An interaction effect for a 2 x 2 factorial design is represented by this on a line graph.
What are converging/intersecting lines?
This function in R creates a new column in a dataset based on a given calculation.
What is mutate()?
If a survey is not representative, then researchers will not be able to draw valid conclusions about this group.
What is the population?