Monotheistic Religions
What does monotheism mean?
The belief on one god
Name one factor that contributed to the fall of Rome.
Political instability, unequipped military, poor leadership, unfair laws and taxes, too large a territory to control, the rise of Christianity, plagues, an earthquake, foreign invasions...
What is feudalism?
A stable social system with Monarchs on the top, followed by Nobles/Lords, Knights, and peasants/serfs on the bottom.
What is polytheism?
The belief in many gods
The Dark Ages were a Golden Age in European history, true or false?
False, there were higher rates of illiteracy (fewer people could read), less advanced technology, worse hygiene habits (which contributed to the spread of disease), and less trade when compared with ancient Rome.
Judaism, Christianity, Catholicism (a type of Christianity)
Which empire went on to last an additional 1,000 years after the fall of Rome as a whole--the Western Roman Empire or the Eastern Roman Empire?
The Eastern Roman (or Byzantine) Empire lasted until 1453.
Where would a king be on the feudalism social hierarchy?
At the top
Greece, Rome, Egypt, Mesopotamia
Who was crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo III?
Charlemagne
Which religion came first, Judaism or Christianity?
Judaism. Christianity started as a branch of Judaism that eventually turned into a whole new religion.
Many assassinations happening in a short span of time indicate what about the Roman Empire? Is this a sign of stability or instability?
This is a sign of instability--quick turnover of leaders shows that Rome was losing control, and caused citizens to lose trust in the Empire.
The system of feudalism was firmly established around 1000 CE because of a need for protection. Why did Europe need protection? What was happening?
There were frequent invasions, mainly by the Vikings. They would arrive on ships and steal, plunder, attack, and kill. This caused a need for a stable social order that could provide protection.
List all 6 traits of civilization
What happened to the Holy Roman Empire after Charlemagne's death in 814 AD?
It collapsed
Who was Jesus of Nazareth?
A nontraditional Jewish preacher and teacher who spent most of his life in Nazareth. Christianity is based on his teachings, and developed as a result of them.
How would a plague contribute to the fall of an empire?
Plagues, and other natural disasters, can kill a large percentage of the population, which means there are suddenly fewer people for labor and food production, and fewer soldiers.
What was the main role of peasants/serfs?
As 90% of the population, they provided most of the kingdom's agricultural labor.
What does it mean for a civilization to have a Golden Age?
A time of peace and prosperity--there are no wars, and society can advance in other ways (artistically, technologically, increased population, etc)
What social system was developed by 1000 CE in order to provide protection to Europeans from foreign invasions?
Feudalism
Why do you think Christianity appealed to people of all social classes?
Jesus' teachings say that everyone is equal, no matter how much money or power you have, and that everyone is entitled to the same eternal afterlife. He also encouraged kindness, and taking care of the sick, poor, and vulnerable.
Constantine the Great
It was easy to change your social class under feudalism. True or false?
False! It was extremely hard/impossible. Kings were often born into being kings, and lords and knights usually came from already wealthy/established families. Peasants and serfs remained at the bottom of the social hierarchy.
Which dynasty incorporated Confucian ideals into everyday life, government, and education?
The Han Dynasty--remember, ConfuciHAN
Why is the year 476 AD seen by many as the official fall of Rome?
This is the year Rome's last emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed (suddenly removed from his position) by Odoacer, a barbarian military leader who led a revolt against Rome and established the Kingdom of Italy.