D-KEFS & Executive Function
The D-KEFS battery primarily assesses this broad cognitive domain.
executive functions
This memory validity measure uses a forced-choice recognition format to detect inadequate effort.
TOMM
Interpretation of pediatric neuropsychological data must always consider this central factor.
developmental stage
This condition involves cognitive complaints without objective impairment.
Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD)
RBANS measures five domains; name one.
Immediate Memory
(Also: Delayed Memory, Language, Visuospatial/Constructional, Attention)
Name one D-KEFS subtest that measures verbal reasoning or abstraction.
Word Context Test
(Also acceptable: Proverbs, Verbal Fluency)
Compared to the MMSE, the MoCA is more sensitive to deficits in this cognitive domain.
Executive Function
Give one marker of an acquired (rather than developmental) disorder.
regression or loss of previously mastered skills
Name one feature that differentiates Mild vs. Major Neurocognitive Disorder.
loss of independence in Major NCD
This RBANS subtest assesses expressive language using picture prompts.
Picture Naming
Excessive perseverative designs during Design Fluency indicate impairment in this executive process.
cognitive flexibility?
(Or: response inhibition)
The MMSE often fails to detect mild cognitive impairment because of this limitation.
Ceiling effects
This term describes windows of heightened brain plasticity where experience strongly shapes outcomes.
sensitive periods
This feature strongly distinguishes behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia from Alzheimer’s disease.
personality/behavior change (disinhibition, apathy)
Supported Communication for Adults with Aphasia (SCA) improves comprehension by using these supports.
visual, gestural, or written supports
Why is qualitative error analysis essential when interpreting Tower Test performance?
Because rule violations and planning errors may indicate executive dysfunction even when achievement scores look normal.
The WMS-IV separates Immediate and Delayed Index scores to distinguish these two processes.
Encoding vs. retrieval/consolidation
Why must test selection differ across childhood age groups
Because different cognitive skills emerge at different ages.
Name one reversible cause of cognitive impairment in older adults.
sleep apnea
(Also acceptable: vitamin deficiencies, medications, thyroid problems, metabolic issues)
Name one key factor that predicts aphasia recovery.
lesion location
(Also: severity, age, education, early therapy, social support.)
Why are D-KEFS norms stratified into many age groups?
Because executive functions change significantly with age.
Name one clinical situation where a comprehensive battery like WMS-IV is preferred over a brief screener.
forensic or disability evaluation
(Also acceptable: complex memory complaints, differential diagnosis)
Give one reason cultural-linguistic factors may mimic a learning disability in bilingual children
limited academic language proficiency (CALP)?
Repeated TBIs increase long-term dementia risk due to this mechanism.
cumulative axonal injury and chronic neuroinflammation
Describe the major difference between Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasia.
Broca’s = non-fluent speech with good comprehension.
Wernicke’s = fluent speech with poor comprehension.