A variable that is not controlled in a research investigation that varies systematically with the IV.
What is a CONFOUND?
100
Observations of one or more specific variables, usually made in a precisely defined setting.
What is SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION?
100
A type of case study in which the life of an individual is analyzed using psychological theory.
What is a PSYCHOBIOGRAPHY?
100
Selecting, for example, every 5th person on a list.
What is SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING?
100
Any time-related change that is systematically linked to the IV.
What are MATURATIONAL CHANGES?
200
The certainty with which results of an experiment can be attributed to the manipulation of the IV rather than to some other, confounding variable.
What is INTERNAL VALIDITY?
200
A set of rules used to categorize observations.
What is a CODING SYSTEM?
200
The use of existing source of information for research. Sources included statistical records, survey archives, and written records.
What is ARCHIVAL RESEARCH?
200
A type of sampling that includes cluster and stratified sampling.
What is MULTISTAGE SAMPLING?
200
Any outside event that is not part of the manipulation that could be responsible for the results.
What is HISTORY?
300
A true experimental design in which the DV is measured only once, after manipulation of the IV.
What is a POSTTEST-ONLY DESIGN?
300
A problem of measurement in which the measure changes the behavior being observed.
What is REACTIVITY?
300
Census data, public health statistics, test score records, marriage license applications, etc.
What are STATISTICAL RECORDS?
300
A method of sampling where you find participants based on their connection to the first participant.
What is SNOWBALL SAMPLING?
300
Principle that extreme scores on a variable tend to be closer to the mean when a second measurement is made.
What is REGRESSION TOWARD THE MEAN?
400
A descriptive method in which observations are made in a natural setting.
What is NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION?
400
The process of allowing people to become used to the presence of an observer or any recording equipment.
What is ACCLIMATION?
400
Data from surveys that are stored on computers and are available to researchers who wish to analyze them.
What are SURVEY ARCHIVES?
400
Higher education, higher SES, more intelligent, more sociable, greater need for social approval, more arousal-seeking, unconventional, less authoritarian.
What are CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLUNTEERS?
400
Differences in the type of subjects who make up each group in an experimental design; this situation occurs when participants elect which group they are to be assigned to.
What are SELECTION DIFFERENCES?
500
In field observation, an examination of observations that do not fit with the explanatory structure devised by the researcher.
What is NEGATIVE CASE ANALYSIS?
500
A descriptive account of the behavior, past history, and other relevant factors concerning a specific individual.
What is a CASE STUDY?
500
Systematic analysis of the content of written records.
What is CONTENT ANALYSIS?
500
Occur when participants improve on a measure simply by virtue of the fact that they have done it one or several times before.
What are PRACTICE EFFECTS?
500
The loss of subjects who decide to leave an experiment.