Risk Management: WHO
The American Canoe Association certifies whitewater kayak instructors to instruct on-river at a ration of 10:2 participants and instructors. This is an example of what level of risk management?
National Level
AWV has determined that even at low-water, the lower gauley river presents significantly higher hazards and room for injury and accident than any other river we raft. AWV decides not to provide rafting activities on the lower Gauley river. This is an example of what strategy of risk management?
Avoid
AWV compiles all student evaluations and incident reports at the end of a season and writes up a 50-page end of year report detailing patterns and incidents and suggestions for changes to policy and procedure. Is this an example of proactive, active, or reactive RM?
Reactive
In the graph of risk as it applies to perception and reality, what is the most dangerous quadrant to be in?
Low perceived, high actual
Fatigue is an example of what type of accident factor?
Human error
The university is an alcohol-free campus. Smoking is not allowed on AWV trips and students may face university sanctions if caught with it on trip. This is an example of what level of risk management?
University Level
Helmets are required while at the rock climbing site, even if not climbing. This is an example of what strategy of risk management?
Mitigate
AWV spends a 2-hr class in RPTR251 reviewing the manual and policies and procedures. Is this an example of proactive, active, or reactive RM?
Proactive
A leader develops an activity that involves wildflower identification bingo during their hike. This is an example of what type of activity in the risk perception/reality graph?
Low perceived, low actual
You have a lot of timid people in your group, so you spend a lot of time before the challenge course talking about how safe the activity is. One student feels so confident after your talk that they jump off the cable in the middle of the activity screaming “I’m superman!!!!”. They flip upside down get their foot caught on the cable. This is an example of what common error in judgment?
Risk Homeostasis
Students are required to review the AWV Essential Eligibility Criteria. One of the EEC states that students must be able to reasonably care for and feed themselves appropriately during trips. What level of risk management is this?
Student Level
The dolly sods are known to be cold and wet, even during the summer months. AWV continues to use Dolly Sods as a program area. This is an example of what strategy of risk management?
Retain
An AWV leader calls their course director for advice while on-trip. Is this an example of proactive, active, or reactive RM?
Active
What is the most classic example of low perceived, high risk activity we’ve discussed in this class so far?
Driving
“last time I did this hike I didn’t bring sunscreen and it was fine”. After a long day of hiking, you and your students end the day with serious sunburn. This is an example of what common error in judgment?
Inappropriate Attribution
AWV has a policy of no cliff-jumping, except in specific areas sanctioned by raft guide companies. Students ask their leaders if they can jump off of a rock into the lake while canoeing, and the leader says no. This is an example of what level of risk management?
Leader Level
AWV chooses not to use internal raft guides and hires out Laurel Highlands to guide their rafting activity. This is an example of which type of RM?
Transfer
An AWV leader addresses a ‘first-offense’ of unsatisfactory behavior with a student and documents the conversation in an incident report. Is this an example of proactive, active, or reactive RM?
Proactive (arguments can be made for active)
What category do most FYT adventure activities fall into on the risk perception/reality graph?
High perceived, low actual
It’s the final day of trip and you’re driving on your way back to WVU. You’re thinking about how excited you are to finally see your roommate and sleep in your own bed. Energy is high and the music is turned up loud in the van. You accidentally miss a turn on a road and end up getting the van stuck on a muddy and narrow dirt road. This is an example of what common error in judgment?
Smelling the Barn
AWV has determined that even at low-water, the lower gauley river presents significantly higher hazards and room for injury and accident than any other river we raft. AWV decides not to provide rafting activities on the lower Gauley river. This is an example of what level of risk management?
Program Level
Driving is one of the riskiest activities outdoor leaders do. AWV chooses to have student drivers but provides a 3-hour practical in-person training. This is an example of what strategy of RM?
Mitigate
An AWV leader splints a student’s ankle after they roll it while hiking at Coopers. Is this an example of proactive, active, or reactive RM?
Active
When talking about “actual risk”, what 2 factors are we using to determine this in each activity?
Statistical evaluation of Probability of and Consequences of accidents
You and your friends are deciding if you want to hike the chill trail or the one on the side of the cliff. Parts of the trail have been recently eroded but everyone else seems stoked on it, so you agree. A friend falls and injures themselves during the hike in one of these areas, narrowly avoiding a tumble down a steep cliff. This is an example of what common error in judgment?
Risky Shift