Risk Management: WHO
The American Canoe Association certifies whitewater kayak instructors to instruct on-river at a ration of 10:2 participants and instructors. This is an example of what level of risk management?
National Level
Your team has determined that at high-water, the Grand Canyon presents significantly higher hazards and room for injury and accident than any other river in the area. Your team decides not to provide rafting activities on the Grand Canyon for a high-water season. This is an example of what strategy of risk management?
Avoid
NOLS compiles all student evaluations and incident reports at the end of a season and writes up a 50-page end-of-year report detailing patterns and incidents and suggestions for changes to policy and procedure to internal management. Is this an example of proactive, active, or reactive RM?
Reactive
In the graph of risk as it applies to perception and reality, what is the most dangerous quadrant to be in?
Low perceived, high actual
Overconfidence in ones ability to climb is what risk factor in the RASM model?
Human Factor
The university is an alcohol-free campus. Smoking is not allowed on AWV trips and students may face university sanctions if caught with it on trip. This is an example of what level of risk management?
University Level
Helmets are required while at the rock climbing site, even if not climbing. This is an example of what strategy of risk management?
Mitigate
Your expedition team spends the first week of the trip at base reviewing hazards and emergency protocols in a formal setting. Is this an example of proactive, active, or reactive RM?
Proactive
A leader develops an activity that involves wildflower identification bingo during their hike. This is an example of what type of activity in the risk perception/reality graph?
Low perceived, low actual
Risk equals What x What?
Probability * Severity
A waiver of eligibility criteria is required for your dogsledding trip that states that crew members must be able to reasonably care for and feed themselves appropriately during the trip. What level of risk management is this?
Student Level
The Wasatch Mountain Range often has fierce and unpredictable weather for climbing and backpacking, but your company continues to send groups there. This is an example of what strategy of risk management?
Retain
You call your course director for advice while in the field regarding a sudden weather and condition change that could affect progress. Is this an example of proactive, active, or reactive RM?
Active
What is the most classic example of low perceived, high risk activity we’ve discussed in this class so far?
Driving
“last time I did this hike I didn’t bring sunscreen and it was fine”. After a long day of hiking, you and your students end the day with serious sunburn. This is an example of what common error in judgment?
Inappropriate Attribution
Your backpacking company has a policy of no cliff-jumping, except in specific areas sanctioned by the NPS. Crew members ask their leaders if they can jump off of a rock into the lake while canoeing, and the leader says no. This is an example of what level of risk management?
Leader Level
Your Science School sends a class to the summit of Rainier each year, but chooses not to use internal guides and hires out to a service to guide their trip. This is an example of which type of Risk Management?
Transfer
On a longer expedition, a leader addresses a ‘first-offense’ of unsatisfactory behavior with a participant and documents the conversation in an incident report. Is this an example of proactive, active, or reactive RM?
Proactive (arguments can be made for active)
What category does rappeling fall into on the risk perception/reality graph?
High perceived, low actual
You're less than 10 miles from base after spending 4-weeks paddling in the BWCA. You’re thinking about how excited you are to call friends, sleep in your own bed, use a real toilet, etc. A participant is struggling to keep up but you fail to notice as you think about home. In an attempt to catch the group at a portage, they carry too much and twist their ankle. This is an example of what common error in judgment?
Smelling the Barn
A summer camp leads sea kayaking expeditions off a mild coast. Nearby is a seal population that students beg to visit, arguing their skills have improved enough to venture farther out. However the waters around that area are unpredictable and hard to reach with rescue boats, so the camp explicitly cites it as an "off-limits" zone. What level is this risk management made at?
Program Level
Driving is one of the riskiest activities outdoor leaders do. Your company chooses to have staff drivers but provides a 3-hour practical in-person training. This is an example of what strategy of RM?
Mitigate
On a biking trip, a team leader dresses a gash on a student's leg after a crash near a trailhead. Is this an example of proactive, active, or reactive RM?
Active
When talking about “actual risk”, what 2 factors are we using to determine this in each activity?
Statistical evaluation of Probability of and Consequences of accidents
While leading a ski trip you are called to the Ski Patrol office and find a student with a major head injury. The student was wearing a helmet, which they stated they usualyl don't, but was still relatively new to the sport. They smashed into a tree on a technical black diamond with a large group of experienced friends who encourgaed them to try.
What two Judgement Errors likely caused this accidnet?
Risky Shift (groups v. individual) and Risk Homeostasis (increased risk with more safeguards)