a. the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
b. the electrostatic attraction between a pair of electrons and positively charged nuclei.
c. the electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions and delocalized electrons.
What is the definition of:
a. an ionic bond?
b. a covalent bond?
c. a metallic bond?
100
A reaction that releases heat and has products that are more stable than the reactants.
What is an exothermic reaction?
100
CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12
What are the first five members of the alkane homologous series?
Vaporization, Ionization, acceleration, deflection, and detection.
What are the stages of operation in a mass spectrometer?
200
NO3-, NH4+
What is the formula for the nitrate ion and the ammonium ion?
200
the path of the reaction or number of reactions has no effect on the overall enthalpy change between a set of reactants and products.
What is Hess's law?
200
molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms.
What are isomers?
300
Take the molar mass and divide by the empirical formula mass to get the coefficient and then multiply the empirical formula by this coefficient.
What is the way to determine a molecular formula from an empirical formula and molar mass?
300
(Considering the big picture - generalize)
The attraction and repulsion between protons and electrons.
What is the general interaction is at the core of both the chemical and physical properties of elements and the trends of the periodic table?
300
linear (180), trigonal planar (120), and tetrahedral (109.5)
What is the molecular geometry and bond angle of molecules with 2, 3, and 4 negative charge centers?
300
The sum of the bond enthalpies of the products is greater than the sum of the bond enthalpies of the reactants.
What is an endothermic reaction in terms of bond enthalpy?
300
CH3CHClC(CH3)2CH2CHO
What is the condensed structural formula of
4-chloro-3,3-dimethylpentanal
400
The molar relationship between reagents in a balanced chemical reaction.
What is mole ratio?
400
One shows the individual pieces of the EM spectrum resulting from the energy releases caused by an elements relaxing electrons after absorbing energy, the other shows the entire EM spectrum (natural light).
What is the difference between a line spectrum and a continuous spectrum?
400
a. Graphite - each carbon is covalently bonded to 3 others forming layers, and has one non-bonded delocalized electron so it is a good conductor of electricity.
b. Diamond - each carbon is covalently bonded to 4 others in a tetrahedral arrangement forming a lustrous crystal that does not conduct electricity.
c. Fullerene - each carbon is bonded to 3 others creating a sphere of 60 carbon atoms consisting of 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons.
What is the name and structure of the three allotropes of carbon?
400
particle size, temperature, concentration, pressure, agitation, and catalysis
What are the factors that according to collision theory will effect the rate of a reaction?
400
an alkane becomes an alkane, halogenoalkane, dihalogenoalkane, or an alcohol
What is an addition reaction?
500
One number tells you how much product you theoretically could produce from a reaction and the other is a measure of how much product you did produce.
What is the difference between theoretical yield and actual yield?
500
2,8,8,1
What is the electron arrangement for Potassium?
500
melting/boiling point, volatility, electrical conductivity, solubility ...
What are some properties of substances that are determined by the types of bonding within the substances molecules?
500
when a chemical system in equilibrium is disrupted, the system will "shift" to minimize the effects of the disruption and return to a state of equilibrium.
What is Le Chatelier's principle?
500
First use a radical substitution reaction with a halide, then using the product of that reaction use an SN2 reaction with sodium hydroxide, then using the product of that reaction use acidified potassium dichromate, heat and reflux to get your final product.
What is a reaction pathway to make a carboxylic acid from an alkane?