Pneumonia & Infection
This disease presents with alveoli filled with fluid or pus
Pneumonia.
Mucus plugging produces this subtype of collapse
Obstructive atelectasis
This condition causes acute ascending paralysis
Guillain‑Barré syndrome
This disease group causes stiff lungs and reduced lung volumes
Interstitial lung disease (ILD)
First priority in tension pneumothorax
Immediate decompression
One common symptom of central airway tumors is this abnormal breath sound from narrowed airways
Localized wheeze
Aspiration pneumonia most often affects lobes on this side of the body
The right side
Air or fluid in the thoracic cavity produces this type of atelectasis.
Compressive atelectasis
Fatigable skeletal muscle weakness that worsens with activity describes this disease
Myasthenia gravis
Early ILD often begins with this subtle symptom
Exertional dyspnea
ARDS often occurs after this type of severe systemic event
Sepsis (or trauma)
This form of lung cancer is usually peripherally located and is associated with early metastasis
Adenocarcinoma
TB can cause chronic infection characterized by this structural change
Granuloma formation (or cavitation)
Surgical pain and shallow breathing after procedures commonly lead to what condition?
Postoperative atelectasis
This progressive motor neuron disease often leads to chronic ventilatory failure
ALS
Progressive ILD often produces this characteristic lung sound
Fine crackles
A hallmark of ARDS is oxygenation that does not improve despite higher FiO₂, called what?
Refractory hypoxemia
Tumor obstruction reduces ventilation but not perfusion, creating this V/Q pattern
Shunt‑like effect
Unlike viral pneumonias, bacterial pneumonias typically produce this symptom
Purulent sputum
Atelectasis reduces ventilation in affected regions and therefore worsens this gas‑exchange abnormality
Hypoxemia
High spinal cord injuries affecting C3–C5 threaten breathing by impairing this nerve pathway
The phrenic nerve/diaphragm innervation
Fibrotic ILD reduces gas‑exchange surface area, lowering this diffusion measurement
DLCO
Loss of surfactant in ARDS leads to widespread collapse of these structures
Alveoli
The system used to stage non-small cell lung cancer
Tumor, (lymph-)Nodes, Metastasis (TNM)
Pneumonia can create this physiologic gas‑exchange problem because alveoli are filled with fluid instead of air
Shunt‑like effect
Collapse that repeatedly affects the same lobe often suggests this underlying cause
Central airway obstruction (e.g., tumor)
In both MG and GBS, the earliest respiratory danger comes from the loss of this protective mechanism
Effective cough/airway clearance
Advanced ILD results in permanent destruction forming this classic structural pattern
Honeycombing
In ARDS, ventilator management focuses on protecting the lungs by using this strategy
Low tidal volume ventilation
This lung cancer type is strongly associated with central airway obstruction and rapid symptom onset due to tumor proximity to the bronchi
Small‑cell lung cancer