Week 7
Task Feedback and Group Cohesion
What are examples of leader substitutes?
Legitimate, coercive, and legitimate power shows which category of power
What is formal (organizational) power?
There are two quotes: (1) "Switch over to electric vehicles" and (2) "Join fellow people aged 20-30 who are switching over to electric vehicles to save the planet". The difference in the quotes shows a particular component of a certain concept
What is visibility of social conformity?
A party commits tons of money to one of its products. However, they didn't realize that their marketing research was lagged and extremely biased. The company releases the product without considering this, suffering from a particular bias.
What is Tunnel Vision?
Two parties both prefer to only work three days a week and agree to a term in their negotiation
What are compatible aspects?
Telling
What combination of leadership behavior is needed for groups who have low readiness?
Controlling Resources vs respect from others
What is power vs status?
The common language that everybody in RC speaks and the common logo and the feeling during the midterm season (not so obvious)
What are cultural artifacts?
A group of engineers analyzes an issue and follows the model. They identify a problem, look for the info, see alternative decisions, evaluate them, and choose the best one. However, a limitation makes these engineers do not have all the information and are led to make a harmful decision.
What is the rational analysis model and engineers do not have complete information?
In a car deal, Toyota and BMW on each side are pushing hard on the issue and they agree on some terms that favor one side more heavily vs in a airplane deal where Boeing and Airbus find terms that work for both of them
What are distributive vs integrative aspects?
Change beliefs and views in order to align with a vision.
What is Transformational Leadership useful for?
The extent to which you feel you have control over the outcomes, experience, and behaviours of others
What is psychological experience of power?
An individual is agreeing to other project team members even though the individual knows it is wrong vs an individual who agrees to shift to plastics because it is good and everyone else is doing it too
What is normal conformity vs informational conformity?
When looking for resorts to book for the vacation, families are looking at the prices of other resorts given that they stay on the same length and what other family members paid for a resort as a base amount
What is anchoring bais?
Asking these types of questions leads to the following things. However, negotiations often meet in the middle stopping them from reaching this type of solution.
What is asking the right questions smartly about preferences and interests that lead to creating value and eventually the Pareto-optimal solutions? What is the midpoint approach?
A leader in a company sets an example, talks to his employees, gives them the respect they need from a manager, and states that they trust them in getting their work done.
What is idealized influence?
To make this model effective, people need to know how to recognize their behavior as a moral issue, recognize it is wrong, and have a clear plan of action
What are moral awareness, moral judgment, and moral intent?
1. "A person is doing something I don't quite understand."
2. "I don't know exactly what's happening here but I will do it anyway because others did it."
3. "I continue to perform this activity, leading others to follow me."
What are the three stages of socialization? (Anticipatory - Observation, Encounter - Conformity, Adaption - Internalization)
An individual is looking to buy a board game for their 6-year-old nephew. However, the person does not know which one is better, so they ask which one to buy on the web. However, this person is missing out on the third way out
What is Problem Framing?
A party is negotiating a deal with one of the largest manufacturers of lithium batteries. Before heading into the negation, the party prepares and identifies their "Plan B" or their "outside option" without considering other factors like opportunity costs
What is BATNA (Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement)?
Neutralizers
What are?
1. Task stability (tasks with clear, unchanging steps)
2. Formalization (Written policies and procedures governing one's job)
3. Inflexibility (organization prioritizing rule adherence)
4. Spatial distance (Separated from one's leader by physical space)
These people often feel this feeling since they are confident, risk-taking, and more focused on themselves than others compared to those who are influenced by situational cues
What is people who feel high power more vs people who feel high power less
Each group member when solving a problem does not share all the information and each member rather corroborates and discusses the shared info then the unshared
What is the common knowledge problem, specifically corroboration bias?
- Establish concrete criteria for success
- Seek out and listen to the views of people who were uninvolved in the earlier decisions
- Check overconfidence
- Create an exit strategy before beginning
What are solutions to avoid BLINDSPOTS?
1. Anchor the negotiation but still appear flexible
2. Collect information from the other party about their priorities/interests
3. Educate the other party about your priorities/interests
4. Can highlight value-added - distinguish self from others
What are the benefits of MESOs (Multiple Equivalent Simultaneous Offers)?