Key Terms
Culture
The shared values, beliefs, motives, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences of members of a society and are intergenerationally transmitted
Value Percept Theory
A theory which posits that job satisfaction depends on whether a worker believes that the job supplies things that they value
Cultural Values
Shared cultural beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct
Categories of Hofstede's Dimensions of Cultural Values (Bonus 50 for each definition)
Individualism-Collectivism, Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Masculinity-Femininity, Short-term vs. Long-term Orientation, and Indulgence Vs. Restraint
Ethnocentrism
The tendency to view one's own cultural values as 'correct' and 'superior' and those of other cultures as 'incorrect' and 'inferior'
How are culture and personality related?
Different cultures view and value different personality traits differently, meaning that cultural values can influence individual's personality development, as well as how personality traits are expressed. This in turn affects how common certain personality traits are as well as how they are conventionally expressed among members of a given population.
Individualistic & Collectivistic (define both!)
Individualistic: Social relations are more loosely knit, where people emphasize taking care of themselves and their immediate family
Collectivistic: Social relations are more tightly knit, where people emphasize taking care of and being loyal to members of their in-group
How is ethnocentrism related to job outcomes?
According to research, ethnocentrism hinders the effectiveness of expatriates as it makes them less likely to adjust to the new culture, less likely to fulfill duties required of their international assignment, and more likely to withdraw.
Power Distance
The extent to which power is uniformly or unequally distributed within organizations
Cultural Orientations from Project Globe (with definitions)
Future Orientation: Culture engages in planning/investment while delaying individual/collective gratification.
Performance Orientation: Culture encourages and rewards members for excellence and performance improvements
Humane Orientation: Culture encourages and rewards members for being generous, caring, kind, fair, and altruistic