O2 Therapy
Medications
Diseases & Diagnoses
Random
Abbreviations
100
What concentration of oxygen is being delivered by a nasal cannula when the flow meter is set at 1-6 LPM?
a. 89% - 100%
b. 21% - 44%
c. 30% - 50%
d. 10% - 21%
b. 21% - 44%
100
Which of the following drugs is a beta agonist?
A. N-Acetylcysteine
B. Beclomethasone dipropionate (van Erik)
C. Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
D. Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
D. Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
Levalbuterol is classifed as a short-acting beta agonist (SABA). Beta2-agonists (bronchodilators) are a group of drugs prescribed to treat asthma. Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) provide quick relief of asthma symptoms.
basically, if your patient is having an asthma attack or if your COPD patient suddenly becomes short of breath, this could be one of the medications we might consider administering.
100
The diagnosis "hypercapnia" is best describes as:
a. excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, typically caused by inadequate respiration
b. A high level of the electrolyte potassium in the blood.
c. rapid or deep breathing, usually caused by anxiety or panic.
d. slowed or stopped breathing.
a. excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, typically caused by inadequate respiration
100
Nose, larynx, pharynx, lungs, trachea, and bronchi are the parts of the respiratory system.
a) True
b) False
Answer: A. True
Respiratory system consists of all the organs which take part in the respiration. It includes bronchi, trachea, lungs, nose, larynx, and pharynx.
100
RSV stands for
a. Respiratory Singulitis Virus
b. Respiratory Syncopal Virus
c. Respiratory Syncytial Virus
d. Respiratory Synovial Virus
c. Respiratory Syncytial Virus
200
Which range would be considered moderate hypoxemia?
a. PaO2 = 60 - 79 mmHg
b. PaO2 = 40 - 59 mmHg
c. PaO2 = >40 mmHg
b. PaO2 = 40 - 59 mmHg
200
Which two medications does DuoNeb consist of?
a. Budesonide and Albuterol
b. Racemic Epinephrine and Levalbuterol
c. Ipratropium Bromide and Albuterol
d. Formoterol and Racemic Epinephrine
C. DuoNeb
DuoNeb (ipratropium bromide and albuterol) is indicated for the treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD in patients requiring more than one bronchodilator.
200
When doing your rounds at a nursing home your 86 yr old patient complains of SOB, persistent cough producing thick mucus, and wheezing. During chart review you learn that he was an occasional smoker (5 pack year). Upon assessment you notice cyanosis in his fingers and putting edema to his LE.
Which diagnosis would you associate these symptoms with?
a. Pleural Effusion
b. COPD
c. Pneumonia
d. Epiglottitis
b. COPD
200
2. The site of respiration inside the lungs are _________
a) Alveoli
b) Diaphragm
c) Bronchi
d) Bronchioles
Answer: A
Alveoli is tiny air sacs of lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange. It is located at the end of the bronchiole tubes.
200
CKD
(no options)
Chronic kidney disease
300
Which treatment option is insertion of a tubular device into a canal, hollow organ or cavity?
a. ventilation
b. O2 therapy
c. intubation
d. medication
c. Intubation
300
These drugs dilate airways which are constricted by relaxing the smooth muscles that surround the bronchioles.
a. antibiotics
b. mucolytics
c. corticosteriods
d. bronchodilators
d. bronchodilators
300
A 55-year-old patient with dyspnea and non-productive cough has the following examination results noted over the right lower lung field:
- dullness to percussion
- decreased tactile fremitus
- diminished breath sounds
Which of the following is most likely to produce these findings?
A. pulmonary embolism
B. pneumonia
C. pneumothorax
D. pleural effusion
A. Pulmonary Embolism
A pulmonary embolism is a blood clot that occurs in the lungs. It can damage part of the lung due to restricted blood flow, decrease oxygen levels in the blood, and affect other organs as well.
Symptoms of a pulmonary embolism (PE) include:
Shortness of breath ,Chest pain , Cough
300
The brain stem normally triggers breathing by increasing respirations when.....
a. carbon dioxide levels decrease.
b. oxygen levels increase
c. carbon dioxide levels increase
d. oxygen levels decrease.
c. carbon dioxide levels increase.
300
BKA and AKA
(no multiple choice options)
below knee amputee and above knee amputee
400
Which of the following is not a goal of oxygen therapy?
a. decreasing the work of breathing
b. reducing stress on the myocardium
c. treat hypoxemia
d. deliver appropriate oxygenation
d. deliver appropriate oxygenation
400
Which respiratory drug category decreases the thickness of respiratory secretions?
a. decongestant
b. antitussive
c. mucolytic
d. expectorant
c. mucolytic
400
A 2 year old patient arrives to the ED with their parents complaining of a persistent cough producing phlegm, wheezing and SOB. When reviewing the chart you notice that this patient has been to the hospital with pneumonia 4 times in the past 12 months.
What might this patient's diagnosis be?
a. Croup
b. RSV
c. Cystic Fibrosis
d. CHF
C. Cystic Fibrosis.
Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that causes the body to produce thick and sticky mucus that can clog the lungs and obstruct the pancreas. It is usually diagnosed in children before the age of 2.
400
Which tissues are most effected by hypoxemia?
a. brain, heart, lungs, stomach
b. brain, heart, lungs, kidney
c. brain, heart, lungs, liver
d. brain, heart, lungs, spleen
c. brain, heart, lungs, liver
400
PNA
(no multiple choice options)
pneumonia
500
Which the following masks should be used to deliver a 70% helium 30% oxygen mixture most effectively to a patient?
a. simple
b.aerosol
c. air entrainment
d. non-rebreathing
d. Non-rebreathing mask
bonus:
Besides the 70:30 heliox ratio mentioned in the previous question, what other ratio can be used to administer heliox effectively?
500
These drugs are called H1 blockers or H1 antagonists.
a. antihistamines
b. antitussives
c. bronchodilators
d. antivirals
a. antihistamines
500
A history of smoking, abnormal permanent enlargement of the alveoli, cough, and dyspnea suggest:
a. Asthma
b. Emphysema
c. Chronic bronchitis
d. Obstructive sleep apnea
b. Emphysema
Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States.
Symptoms of emphysema include shortness of breath, wheezing, chronic cough, fatigue, loss of appetite, and weight loss.
Smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, occupational exposure to fumes or dust from chemicals, grain, cotton, wood or mining products, and HIV infection increase risk for emphysema.
500
You receive a call from the MD who tells you to "deliver 3L via NC to your patient in room 407" and hangs up. Why is this an incomplete telephone order (TO)?
a. The doctor forgot to mention the patient's name.
b. The doctor did not mention whether the patient would be getting nebulizer treatments.
c. The doctor did not tell you whether the O2 was continuous or as needed (PRN).
d. The the order is correct. You can go medicate the patient.
c. The doctor did not tell you whether the O2 was continuous or as needed (PRN).
*Remember that with every order you must have 3 things;
- The dosage (L/min)
- How its delivered (via nasal cannula, etc)
- whether it is continuous or as needed.
500
FRC
(no multiple choice options)
functional residual capacity
The air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation has taken place.
600
Pulse Ox is used to measure the oxygen percentage at the _____ level?
a. cellular
b. capillary
c. molecular
d. atomic
b. capillary
A pulse oximeter (pulse ox) is a noninvasive device that estimates the amount of oxygen in your blood. It does so by sending infrared light into capillaries in your finger, toe, or earlobe. Then it measures how much light is reflected off the gases.
600
Which of the following is categorized as a corticosteroid?
a. Singulair
b. Albuterol
c. Flovent
d. TamiFlu
c. Flovent
bonus:
what must be done after administering a steroid?
600
All of the following are true about acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) except:
a. It generally arises in persons with serious comorbidities
b. It may be life threatening
c. It is a common complication of anesthesia
d. Some ARDS patients suffer permanent lung damage
c. It is a common complication of anesthesia.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the sudden failure of the lungs to move sufficient oxygen into the blood. ARDS may be caused by sepsis, trauma, pulmonary infection, blood transfusions, smoke inhalation, narcotics, aspiration and shock. As many as 30% of cases are fatal.
600
List the normal ranges (adult) for the following lab values:
(We can answer this one as a class)
BP:
HR:
Temp:
SpO2:
K:
HgB:
ABG
pH:
PaCO2:
PaO2:
BP: 120/70
HR: 60-100
SpO2: 92% >
temp: 97-99
K: 3.5 - 5.5
Hgb: 12.0 - 16.0
ABG-
pH: 7.37 - 7.44
PaCO2: 37 - 43 mmHg
PaO2: 90 mmHg
600
RUL
(no multiple choice options)
right upper lobe.