Reasonable Suspicion
a legal term that refers to a police officer's reasonably justifiable suspicion that a person has recently committed a crime, is in the process of committing a crime, or is soon going to commit a crime
Reasonable Suspicion
A reasonable belief, based on facts or evidence, that a person has committed a crime
Probable Cause
An _______ is when law enforcement takes someone into custody because they prove beyond a reasonable doubt that person may have comitted a crime
Arrest
Which Case Law describes the totality of the circumstance (TOC) and objectively reasonable (OR)
Graham vs Connor
Unlike reasonable suspicion, where you only need to justify the likelihood of a crime, ______ requires more specific facts of evidence to complete an arrest/ search warrant
Probable Cause
During a lawful detention, force may be used True or False
True
A ________ _________ is a voluntary interaction where an individual is free to leave at anytime
Consensual Contact
Name some examples of what "totality of the circumstances includes" can include
Environmental- dark, high crime area, hostile bystanders
Suspect- size, violent, impairment, medical, mental
The Officers- alone, where back up, injured
Another name for a brief investigative stop
Terry Stop
California Penal Code section gives peace officers authority to use reasonable force to make an arrest, prevent escape, or overcome resistance
PC 835a
During a consenunal contact, the individual does not have to talk to you True or False
True
What case law describes the fourth amendment for unreasonable search and seizure
Terry vs Ohio
Reasonable suspicion comes from the the ___________ amendment which is unlawful search or seizure
Fourth Amendment
This California Penal Code section addresses arrests by private persons AKA a "Citizens Arrest"
PC 837
After making a lawful custodial arrest, an officer may conduct this type of search within the limits of the law
Incident to arrest
What case law defines "Community caretaking."
An officer may have an emergency-aid/exigent-circumstances justification for warrantless entry based on the specific facts indicating someone inside may need immediate assistance
Caniglia v. Strom (2021)
Reasonable Suspicion is more than a ______but less than probable cause.
Hunch
When are you required to read someone their Miranda rights?
Custody and Interrogation
This Penal Code section provides the primary statutory authority for when a peace officer may make an arrest without a warrant
PC 836
What US Supreme Court case establishes the right to order a driver out of a vehicle during a lawful traffic stop
Pennsylvania vs Mimms