Molecular Techniques
Name two sources that can provide eDNA
Feces, hair, skin, feathers, eggshells, sperm, eggs, vomit, pellets, blood
Provide an example of an endotherm and exotherm
Endo: mammals, birds
Exo: reptiles, amphibians, fish
What is PPE
Personal protective equipment
Name one reason that birds are valuable for scientific research
abundant and easy to observe, occupy a wide range of environments, sensitive to disturbance, and provide numerous ecosystem services
Provide one reason that herp populations are in decline
habitat loss, disease, invasive spp, CC, and illegal collection
What is the biggest challenge associated with eDNA?
contamination
Name two classifications/types of temperature data collected in ecology
Name two reasons we should support prescribed fire in rangelands
Restored vigor, improved grazing, reduce wildland fuels, create divers landscapes for wildlife
Name two methods that can be used to directly capture birds
mist netting, rocket nets, walk-in traps, clam traps, etc
Name three methods for sampling amphibians
VES, Auditory surveys, aquatic traps, dipnets, pitfalls, and others
Name two non-lethal ways to collect DNA from individuals
swabbing, blood, toe clips, fin clips, etc
Name three pieces of equipment that can be used to collect temperature data
Thermometer, thermal cameras, kestrel, iButtons, data loggers, etc
Provide three lines of evidence that support the role of fire as an ecological process in the Great Plains
Plant and animal adaptation, changes in plant communities with fire suppression, fire released nutrients and seeds, palatable forage post fire, common prior to Euro settlement
Name two large-scale avian monitoring programs in the US
BBS, CBC, MAPS
Provide two reasons that reptile and amphibian population stability is important
Name three types of research questions that can be addressed by sampling individuals' DNA
Abundance, connectivity, local adaptation, mate choice, hybridization, dispersal, inbreeding, and outbreeding
habitat use, survival, metabolic rates
Name three components of a burn plan
Area, objectives, # of people, fire break details, weather conditions to conduct burn
Name two passive sampling methods used to collect data on bird communities and which ecosystems they are commonly used in
Line-transect distance sampling--grassland dominated
Point count--forest dominated
An easy an inexpensive way for sampling tree frogs
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe surveys
Provide an example where euthanasia is a reasonable consequence of DNA sampling
Tissue testing for certain diseases, invasive species, or sick individuals
Name three considerations for creating an analog to measure operative temperature for an organism
Absorption of solar radiation, insulation, height/size, and habit
What is the average, historic fire return interval for tallgrass, mixed-grass, and shortgrass prairies
Tallgrass = 3-5 yrs
Mixed = 5-8 yrs
Short = 7-12 yrs
call broadcast surveys
Name four species of amphibians found in North Dakota
Plain's spadefoot toad, Woodhouse's toad, Great Plains toad, American toad, Canadian toad, Gray treefrog, Northern leopard frog, wood frog, boreal chorus frog, tiger salamander, mudpuppy