Capture and Marking
Name the method used to capture birds for lab
Mist netting
What did we capture in the small mammal lab?
Peromyscus or White-footed mouse or Deer mouse
Name one of the three soil properties
Chemical, Physical, Biological
Provide one reason we are concerned with water quality
Recreation, consumption by humans, consumption by livestock
Name two reasons we use telemetry
dispersal and migration, resource use and selection, survival, social behavior, predator and pry dynamics
Name two reasons why we capture wildlife
Research, Damage control, Population regulation, Disease sampling
Provide two ways that small mammals affect ecosystems
1) Aerate and provide nutrients to soil
2) Food chain 3) Change vegetation community (herbivory, seed dispersal, pollination)
Provide two chemical soil properties
pH, salinity, nutrients, organic matter
Name one common method for measuring water turbidity
Secchi disk, turbidity tube
Name two transmitter options that can be added to VHF or GPS transmitters but add cost and weight while reducing battery life
Mortality switch, activity sensor, pressure/depth, temp sensor, microphone, wet/dry
Provide three ways we can capture mammals
Box trap, sherman trap, drift fences, drop nets, rocket nets
Why are small mammals well suited for research?
Diverse life histories, short generation time
Provide two sampling designs for soils
Whole field/random sampling, grid sampling (W or unaligned grid), Smart sampling -- zone/directed, research treatments
Name three things we can measure to assess water quality
Microbiological activity, pH, temp, DO, turbidity, conductivity, salinity, suspended solids, ammonia, nitrates, phosphates, heavy metals, organic chemicals, pesticides, and more
Name three types of telemetry discussed in class
VHF, GPS (PTT and satellite), Geolocators
Why do we mark wildlife? Name three ways we can mark individuals.
Allows us to identify individuals to monitor populations.
Paintballs, ear/shell notching, fin clipping, ear tags, bands, telemetry, stickers, etc
Name two lethal and two non-lethal active trapping methods to capture small mammals
Lethal: sticky trap, snap trap
Non: sherman trap, pitfall, havahart (box trap)
Name two soil sampling tools
Corers (multiple types), penetrometer, infiltrometer, probes (multiple types--moisture and temp)
Provide three methods for sampling macroinvertebrates
D frame dip net, Eckman sampler, Hester dendy, substrate sampler
Provide two pros and two cons of using GPS transmitters
Pros: high accuracy, limited personnel needed, lots of data (multiple reading per day)
Cons: cost, size constraints
K = total marked
k = recaptured
n = total captured
N = estimated pop
Name four things to consider when setting up a small mammal study and trap design
1) objectives 2) logistics (cost, time, location) 3) Focal species 4) bait 5) trap arrangement
Name the soil horizons
O (organic), A (surface), B (subsoil), C (substratum), R (bedrock)
Name three sources of E. coli that were found during the Fargo Project
feces from birds, dogs, goose, gulls, and human sewage
Name the type of transmitter used to track Artic terns and two of the major challenges associated with this type of transmitter
Geolocator, low accuracy, must recapture the animal