Mixed Bag
Name two people that were critical players in the conservation movement.
John Muir, Gifford Pinchot, Teddy Roosevelt, Aldo Leopold, George Bird Grinnell, Ding Darling, Rachel Carson, and many more.
Vertical
Composition data that results in recording the presence or absence of a species.
Frequency
List the primary reason that different livestock species have different foraging behaviors
Jaw and teeth structure
Name one beneficial role insects play in rangelands.
Pollination, food source, nutrient cycling, and others
Provide two examples of overexploitation
The most commonly used method for quantifying vegetation structure in grasslands
Robel Pole
In general, composition sampling is most useful for this group of wildlife
Pollinators
This method for monitoring cattle space use is the most accurate but also the most expensive
GPS collars
What are the two major classifications of invertebrate sampling
Passive and active
Name three differences between science and pseudoscience
Time of each, editing, planning, experts vs journalists, the scientific method, publishing outlets, and education vs entertainment
Nudd's board
Frequency, density, biomass clipping, and cover
Provide three passive space use sampling techniques
Bite counts, fecal pats, exclosures
Name three active methods for sampling invertebrates
Visual encounter surveys, sweep netting, floral-visitor surveys, line-transect distance sampling, aspirator, vacuum system
List three things that all experiments following the scientific method should include in their design.
Controls and treatments, randomization, and replication
Provide two pros and two cons for using a Robel pole to measure vegetation structure
Pros: rapid, commonly used, low cost, reliable
Cons: observer variation, lacks dimension, requires lots of samples
What type of quadrat is generally used for biomass clipping and why
A circle because of its high perimeter to area ratio and transferability to NRCS standards
Name three things that monitoring space use allows use to assess
Are management objectives being met, are resources adequate or do they need to be relocated, wildlife interactions, forage preferences/avoidance
Name two pros and two cons of passive invertebrate sampling techniques
Pros: inexpensive, minimizes observer bias, longer time period, options for targeting ground dwelling species that are hard to capture with other methods
Cons: by-catch, cannot record direct interactions with resources, more destructive to population
List the four sampling designs covered in class.
Simple random, stratified random, systematic, and cluster
Name the four veg structure methods we covered in class
Robel
Nudds
Picture board
Cone of vulnerability
The the three classifications of cover type that can be used when sampling veg
Foliar
Basal
Canopy
List four factors that could contribute to livestock space use
Quality and quantity, other disturbances (fire), topography and slope, distance from water, distance from supplements, shading or trees
Three important considerations to make when setting up a sampling method for invertebrates