Drugs
This medication is an effective adjunctive therapy in relieving bronchospasm in patients with acute bronchospasm when combined with albuterol.
Aerosolized ipratropium is not sufficiently effective to be used as a single agent in the treatment of acute bronchospasms. When administered to children with severe asthma exacerbations, multiple doses of ipratropium and a β-agonist reduced the number of hospitalizations and improved overall lung function.
The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
Embryonal
A pregnant woman believed to be at 26 weeks gestation has been admitted for premature labor. What should be administered to this woman to decrease the risk of RDS if the infant is delivered prematurely?
Systemic corticosteroids
A respiratory therapist has been ordered to obtain a blood gas sample from a nonintubated premature baby. After selecting the best site to obtain the sample, what should the RT suggest to manage the pain associated with the procedure?
Give a pacifier dipped in 24% sucrose
Nasal Cannula
1-2L, max 3L
When neonatal pneumonia is suspected, how long does an infant generally receive broad-spectrum antibiotics
48 hours
A pregnant woman is coming for an early prenatal evaluation and wants to know which organ is the first to completely form. What organ would you tell her?
Heart
A respiratory therapist is discussing the impact of substance use during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes. Which of the following neonatal complications is most strongly associated with maternal opioid use during pregnancy?
Infants born to mothers with chronic opioid use are at high risk for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), a condition characterized by withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, feeding difficulties, and tremors
The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) respiratory therapy supervisor is observing a therapist obtain an arterial blood sample from an infant’s radial artery and notices that the therapist has the bevel of the needle pointed upward, entering the patient’s skin at a 45-degree angle and in a direction against the arterial flow. What should the supervisor do at this time?
Continue to observe the procedure.
Simple Mask
6-10 L
The underlying principle of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is its selectivity as a pulmonary vasodilator. Inhaled NO will relax only pulmonary smooth muscle adjacent to functioning alveoli. Atelectatic or fluid-filled lung units will not participate in iNO uptake.
What is the main reason fetal circulation differs from circulation after the infant is born?
Gas exchange does not occur within the fetal lung
Once preterm labor is diagnosed, which of the following medications should be considered as tocolytic?
Magnesium sulfate
What is the preferred site when drawing an ABG on a neonate?
Pre-ductal, radial
NRB
Not used in neonates however used in older pediatric patients. 10-15L
Heliox
The use of heliox mixtures has been advocated to minimize air trapping and hemodynamic compromise and to reduce peak inspiratory pressures in status asthmaticus patients
A respiratory therapist is explaining the effects of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) on lung development. Explain..
The herniated contents in CDH compress the ipsilateral lung bud, and mediastinal shifting may compress the contralateral lung, resulting in hypoplasia of lung tissue and pulmonary vasculature on both sides.
A mother has just given birth to a 42-week infant who is small for his gestational age. A chest radiograph of this neonate reveals coarse, patchy opacities secondary to atelectasis from bronchial obstruction alternating with areas of hyperinflation. Which of the following clinical disorders does this infant likely have?
Meconium aspiration syndrome
A therapist is monitoring a child on the mechanical ventilator who is hemodynamically stable. The PetCO2 is 48 mm Hg. If accurate, what should be the PaCO2?
43 to 48 mm Hg; PetCO2 can be used as a surrogate for the arterial PaCO2 within physiologic limits. Normally, PetCO2 is 2 to 5 mm Hg below PaCO2. The reason for this is the proportion dead space ventilation.
Besides oxygenation when choosing the appropriate device of deliver, what other component should be applied?
Humidification
This medication should be considered in the rapid-sequence intubation of patients with status asthmaticus
Ketamine is an anesthetic agent that produces anesthesia, sedation, and amnesia without significant respiratory depression. Because of its bronchodilating effects, ketamine has been used as part of rapid-sequence intubation in pediatric patients with status asthmaticus.
What is considered conservative management with a patent PDA?
Medical and surgical options exist to promote PDA closure. Conservative medical measures include acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin or ibuprofen.
An infant was diagnosed with choanal atresia and the mother is seems upset that the infant’s respiratory distress seem to lessen when the infant cries. How can you explain this to her?
Because the infant breathes more through the mouth
Why do transcutaneous oxygen tension (PO2) and carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) values differ from PaO2 and PaCO2 measurements?
Metabolism in the tissue consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide at the site of the electrode
The therapist is using an oxygen flowmeter to deliver an 80:20 heliox mixture to a patient. The reading on the flowmeter is 10 L/minute. What is the actual flow received by the patient?
18L/m