Bolshevik Consolidation
Who was the Russian Tsar that abdicated?
Tsar Nicholas II
What treaty ended Russia's involvement in World War 1?
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Leningrad and to honour Lenin after his death in 1924.
When was the second five year plan?
1932 - 1937
What did the Bolsheviks hope other countries would adopt?
Socialism
Who was the leader of the Provisional Government?
Georgy Lvov and from July 1917, Alexander Kerensky
Who fought in Russia's civil war?
The Whites - army officers opposed to the Bolsheviks, Cossack soldiers
The Reds - the Bolshevik Red Army
Who did Stalin form an alliance with to oppose Trotsky between 1923 - 1925?
Gregory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev
What was the second five year plan also known as?
The Great Leap Forward / Stalinist Economic Model
Why did the Soviet Union seek membership of the League of Nations in 1934?
They would have collective security if against aggressors if Germany attacked.
Who wanted to overthrow the Provisional Government?
Lenin
What was War Communism?
State control over the economy, the industrialisation of industry and the forced requisitioning of food from peasants.
List 3 elements of a totalitarian state.
A single party led by a charismatic leader, party ideology, state control over the economy, state use of terror and repression, party control over the armed forces
What interrupted the third five year plan?
The outbreak of war in June 1941
What countries did the Soviet Union ally itself with in 1935?
France and Czechoslovakia
What did Lenin call for?
Peace, bread and land.
Why did Lenin introduce the New Economic Policy?
Famine, economic collapse, need for industrial and agricultural reform.
What did Stalin use to control all aspects of Soviet life?
Propaganda, personality cult, terror and censorship
Who were targeted in the Great Purge?
Intellectuals, writers and poets, musicians and actors.
Why did Stalin seek the German-Soviet Non-Aggression pact in August 1939?
The Soviet Union had been left out of the Munich Agreement in September 1938 by Britain, France, Germany and Italy. Gave the Soviet Union time to build up the military forces.
Why were the Bolshevik's successful in the October coup?
Superior organisation, lack of effective opponents, popularity of Lenin's 'Peace, bread and land'.
Why was the New Economic Policy seen as a return to capitalism?
Peasants were able to sell surplus grain, small shops and factories were allowed to be privately owned, strikes and trade unions were allowed, foreign investment and companies were encouraged to invest in Russia
List three impacts of the first five year plan.
Ban on private trade, sharp drop in output of manufactured goods, food shortages and rationing, inflation, rapid urbanisation, labour shortages, loss of morale
What were the social and cultural changes to the Soviet Union under Stalin?
A new society emerged - the opportunity for many working class men to gain qualifications in senior positions in industry, the party and government. Women had progressed towards political equality - education and law were open, generous maternity benefits.
When and why did the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact end?
In late 1940 when Hitler ordered the attack on the east - Operation Barbarossa.