methods of control
the Bolsheviks ________ the media, shutting down newspapers that publishes current events. Getting rid of 200 newspapers from 1918-1921
Censorship/ control -
"Enemy agents, profiteers, Marauders, hooligans, counter-revolutionary agitators and German spies are to be summarily shot"
Lenin- Decree on Cheka
"nothing seems to change for the better"
Rosenberg
A major 1921 military mutiny against the Bolshevik government by sailors, soldiers, and workers.
Protesting war communism and supporting Petrograd strikes
Kronstadt Revolut
The secret police that the Bolsheviks established by Lenin and Felix Dzerzhinsky
what is the Cheka
This Bolshevik goal lead to the literacy rates in Russia going from 25% pre revolution to 50% by the 1920s
Education
"we will not exchange our rifles for a ballot!"
Lenin - Constituent assembly
"the machine gun became for them the principle instrument of political persuasion"
Pipes- Constituent assembly
Whites reds and greens fought in which war?
Civil war
The highest executive and administrative cabinet of the government in Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union from 1917 until 1946
What is the Sovnarkom
This treaty saw the Russians withdrawn from WW1 resutlitng in backlash at the loss of Large amounts of lands
Brest-Litovsk
"If the new terms are worse... it is burkharin and co who are guilty"
Lenin...... Treaty of B-L
"Victory in the Civil War brought them face to face with the country's internal problems of administrative chaos and economic devastation"
Fitzpatrick
The women's department in Soviet Russia was known as the _________ , established in 1919 by prominent Bolshevik revolutionaries Alexandra Kollontai and Inessa Armand
Zhenotdel
a popularly elected body that met for a single day in January 1918 to create a new constitution and government for post-revolutionary Russia, only to be forcibly dissolved by the Bolsheviks
what is the Constituent Assembly
Armed Bolshevik groups that forcibly confiscated grain and agricultural surpluses from Russian peasants (kulaks) during the Russian Civil War
Grain requisition squads or prodrazverstka
"We stand for organised terror: this should be frankly stated"
Felix Dzerzhinsky
"the red terror did not come out of the blue:it was implicit"
Figes
This stationary crisis saw the rise in _______ and the fall of ______. as a result of ______
rise in industrial prices (prices went up as they were not the focus)
Fall in agricultural prices (prices when down because so many peasants priorities farming)
the NEP
in early Soviet Russia was a temporary economic policy introduced by Vladimir Lenin in 1917 and 1918 to use capitalist management methods and market tools to rescue a ruined economy before transitioning to socialism
What is State capitalism
what were the Initial Decrees
Peace, land, press, unions, bank nationalisation, marriage, nationalities.
"The execution of the Tsar and his family was needed... to show that there is no retreating, that ahead lay total victory or total doom"
Trotsky
"The period from 1917 to 1924 had shown the wide gap between revolutionary theory and economic reality "
Lynch - war communism to NEP
Why did the Reds win, and why did the Whites lose?
Reds won - Trotsky's leadership/ united purpose/ city prioritised defences. and Felix's+cheka's terrorising of the white armies.
Whites lost - not unified/privately/ externally funded; aim was to reinstate the Romanov family. (which they later couldn't, as they were killed by the Bolsheviks)
a temporary, market-oriented economic system introduced by Vladimir Lenin in 1921 to rescue Soviet Russia from the extreme devastation of War Communism and the Russian Civil War
What is the new economic policy