Topic 1 & 2
Is fire a liquid, solid, or a gas? Explain your choice.
TRICK QUESTION!!! Fire is neither a liquid, solid, or a gas. Fire is a form of thermal energy. Fire was the first form of thermal energy known to mankind.
Name 3 devices that are designed to release and transfer energy.
Hot-air balloons, ovens, a hot tub, toasters, kitchen appliances.
Name and describe the three forms of matter.
solid: In the solid state, materials keep their shape and size. Solids like ice have a definite shape and volume and cannot be compressed into asmaller space.
liquid: In the liquid state, materials have a definite size (volume),but no fixed shape. Liquids like water settle to the bottom of their container and take its shape. Liquids cannot be compressed.
gas: have no definite shape or volume. They expand to fill all parts of their container and can easily be compressed into a smaller space. Many gases cannot be seen.
What is latent heat?
The heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapor, or a liquid into a vapor, without change of temperature.
Why are coals sometimes used to feed a fire?
Coal contains stored chemical energy that needs no further treatment to produce thermal energy as it burns.
Who was Anders Celsius?
Anders Celsius was a British scientist who invented the boiling and freezing point of water.
What is the difference between thermal energy and temperature?
Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance.
Who was Antoine Lavoisier and why is he important to the scientific community?
Antoine Lavoisier was a French chemist who dedicated his life to studying and researching science. He invented the caloric fluid theory, and even though it was proven to be incorrect, it could still serve as a basis for other scientists' research.
Name all the changes of state.
~melting( fusion)~ solid to liquid
~freezing (solidification)~ liquid to solid
~evaporation(liquid to gas)
~condensation(gas to liquid)
~sublimation(solid to gas)
~deposition(gas to solid)
Define energy. Name 3 different types of energy.
energy definition-the ability to do work
and to cause change (chemical
or physical)
Mechanical, Kinetic , Electrical , Solar , Water, Chemical .etc
Thermocouple , how does it work?
A thermocouple is a measuring device. made of two different metal wires ,copper and iron, that are twisted together. When the twisted wire tips are heated, a small electrical current is generated. The amount of current depends on the temperature of the wires.
What does the particle of model of matter state?
~All substances are made of tiny particles too small to be seen.
~The particles have spaces between them.
~The particles are always in motion — vibrating, rotating, and
(in liquids and gases) moving from place to place.
~The motion of the particles increases when the temperature
increases. The motion of the particles decreases when the
temperature decreases.
Define contract and expand
contract : of substances, to shrink or decrease in volume (page 210)
expand : of substances, to increase
in volume (page 210)
Give a reasonable temperature in (oC) where water would be a gas and dry ice would be a liquid.
water in form of a gas~ +100oC
dry ice- does not melt and will only go under sublimation directly turning from a solid to a gas.
Define passive and active solar heating.
Passive solar heating uses the materials in the structure to absorb,store, and release solar energy.
Active solar heating uses mechanical devices like fans to distribute stored thermal energy.
What is absolute zero and who discovered it? Give one other fact about the person.
absolute zero is –273.15°C.
Wiliam Thompson( AKA Lord Kelvin)
How does a bimetallic strip, in a thermostat turn on and off?
In a thermostat, the bimetallic strip is fastened to a glass capsule containing a drop of liquid mercury metal. When the bimetallic strip cools, the capsule tilts. The mercury rolls to one end, fills the gap between two wires, and completes an electrical circuit. The furnace or air conditioner is switched on. When the bimetallic strip bends the other way, the mercury rolls away from the wires, breaking the circuit. The furnace or air conditioner is switched off.
Name two reasons why gases are hard to observe and give an example of how you can see them expand and contract.
~gases are colourless
~gases have no fixed shape or size
~ how you can see them expand and contract: fill a balloon with warm air
Name the 3 characteristics of radiant energy.
~they behave like waves
~they can be absorbed and reflected by objects
~they can travel across empty space at he the same very high speed:300 000km/s
How does thermal pollution relate to cogneration?
Engines in cars, trucks, trains, and aircraft, and furnaces in buildings, generating stations, and large industries, get hot. They release a lot of thermal energy into the environment. This accidental warming of the environment is called thermal pollution. Cogeneration uses this waste heat to generate electricity or heat buildings, or do other useful tasks.
Lets assume that it is the summer of June, 29 1937. It is currently 37.2oC (this was the highest temperature recorded in Edmonton). The average temperature of the human body is 37oC . Would your body temperature have decreased or increased?
Your body temperature would have stayed the same.
When and where was the idea that all matter is made up of microscopic particles formed?
The idea that all matter is made of particles was first proposed about 2400 years ago in ancient Greece. Modern scientists have been gathering evidence to test the theory for more than 200 years. The particle theory of matter has been so useful that it is now universally accepted as a model.
What is the fourth stage of matter?
Plasma, to change a material into plasma it needs to reach extremely high temperature like those of the sun.
Name all 7 forms of radiation.
radio waves, microwaves, infrared (IR), visible light, ultraviolet (UV), X-rays and gamma rays
Name 2 by-products of thermal energy use, how they affect humans, and how we can protect ourselves from their affects.
1. When burnt many fuels release gases. One of these gases is sulphur dioxide.This gas is extremely irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. People with asthma suffer greatly from this pollutant. No definite form of protection but hydro-electric companies are investing in research to remove this.
2. When fire burns without enough oxygen is produces a lethal gas called carbon monoxide.The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning begin with dizziness and confusion. Because it hinders the brain’s reasoning ability, people often do not notice when they are being affected by carbon monoxide. The government of Canada recommends its citizens to have carbon monoxide detectors.