Criminal Justice System
The U.S. criminal justice system consists of these three main components.
What are police, courts, and corrections
The classical school of criminology believes people commit crimes because of this factor.
What is free will
A case brought before a court is also referred to as this.
What is a lawsuit or complaint
A person convicted of a crime may receive one of these, including jail time or community service.
What is a sentence
An officer's decision on whether to arrest someone is based on this type of judgment.
What is discretion
This phrase guarantees that a person accused of a crime is considered not guilty until proven otherwise.
What is "innocent until proven guilty"
The principle that criminals should "get what they deserve" for breaking the law is known as this.
What is "just deserts"
Most criminal cases do not go to trial but instead end with this type of agreement.
What is a guilty plea
Sentencing that focuses on reforming the offender through education and treatment is known as this.
What is rehabilitation
A person is formally detained by police through this action.
What is an arrest
If there is any reasonable doubt about a defendant’s guilt, this must be the verdict.
What is "not guilty"
Some criminologists believe criminal behavior can be inherited, supporting this school of thought.
What is the biological school of criminology
In a jury trial, guilt must be proven beyond this.
What is a reasonable doubt
The sentencing goal that aims to prevent future crimes by making an example of offenders is called this.
What is deterrence
An officer must collect this type of proof to ensure a conviction.
What is evidence
The burden of proving guilt in a trial falls on this party.
Who is the prosecutor?
Poor diet, low intelligence, and brain damage are factors considered in this approach to crime.
What is the biological approach to criminology
This federal court has the final authority on constitutional issues in the U.S.
What is the Supreme Court
This form of punishment allows offenders to make payments to their victims as compensation.
What is restitution
This document, issued by a judge, allows police to search a suspect's property.
What is a search warrant
This term refers to punishments given to convicted criminals, such as imprisonment, probation, or fines.
What is sentencing
This criminological school believes people commit crimes due to external factors like peer pressure or poverty.
What is the sociological school of criminology
This type of court reviews cases for judicial errors but does not determine guilt or innocence.
What is an appellate court
This alternative to incarceration allows convicted criminals to serve their sentence under supervision instead of in prison.
What is probation
Police officers must ensure they do not violate this constitutional amendment that protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
What is the Fourth Amendment