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Describe where Rwanda is
Landlocked, central Africa
Which two ethnic groups were involved in the Rwandan genocide?
Hutu and Tutsi
Which countries colonized Rwanda in 1897 and 1916?
Germany and Belgium
How many days did the genocide last?
100
Under European Rwanda, Hutu were prevented access to higher education and administrative jobs, including entering politics. What stage of genocide would this be an example of?
Discrimination (oppression)
Who were the Interahamwe?
Who were the perpetrators of the Rwandan genocide?
Hutu
Name one main impact of colonization on Rwanda
Creation of false ethnic divides - amongst Hutu and Tutsi
Implementation of puppet government
Reinforcement of Tutsi dominance/superiority
A global commitment by UN member states to intervene in the case of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity is known as...
The Responsibility to Protect
Radio Television Libre des Mille (RTLM) played a significant role in the genocide by broadcasting fearmongering misinformation and justifying violence. Which stage of genocide did this most directly contribute to?
Classification or Polarization
What was the dominant trade of Rwandan communities prior to the genocide?
Pastoral farming
What made propaganda particularly effective in the genocide?
-dehumanization of the Tutsi
-the legitimization of the Tutsi’s extermination
Machetes, clubs and axes
As the mass killings began, the UN Blue Helmets (peacekeeping forces) were ordered to evacuate who and were told to leave behind who?
all foreigners - no locals
Explain how symbolization was promoted.
Ethnic groups forced to identify themselves, kids in schools forced to identify their ethnic origins, propaganda promoted.
In your own words, explain why the lessons from Rwanda were significant or important.
Failure of international community
Use of public radio to promote propaganda
Western racism - evacuate White foreigners only
Etc.
Prior to the genocide, peace making efforts by these two organizations proved to be largely unsuccessful.
UN and regional African government
As a result of the mass use of rape as a weapon of genocide, which disease spread rapidly throughout Rwanda post-genocide?
HIV/AIDS
In 1993, prior to the genocide, the United Nations Mission Assistance in Rwanda was established to oversee the implementation of this power sharing, peace agreement.
Arusha Accord
The extermination phase was justified by the Hutu largely arguing they were only acting in ____________ this way.
Self-defence
Today, Rwanda ranks in the Top 5 countries in the world for gender equality. This percentage of politicians are female (as opposed to Canada 25%)
30%
Who was the Rwandan president who was killed in a rocket attack upon returning from peace negotiations?
Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana
What was cattle ownership used for by colonial governments?
Promote ethnic divides between Hutu and Tutsi (those with 10 or more cows were branded Tutsi, and those with less, were Hutu)
In developing an effective strategy to change a perpetrators intent or eliminate it’s ability to attack, it necessary to consider these two motives:
Violence against civilians are instrumental to their goals OR violence against civilians are intrinsic to their goals
The Rwandan army bringing in new stocks of arms, and the Interahamwe recruited hundreds of new members, including child soldiers. This is an example of which stage?
Organization