Electrical dysfunction
Spot diagnosis!
SVT (AVNRT)
This microscopic finding is suggestive of Acute Tubular Necrosis.
Granular Casts "Muddy Brown"
Most common cause (type) of kidney stone?
Calcium oxalate
Although changes can be seen on electron microscopy, kidney biopsy of this condition reveals normal glomeruli on light microscopy and negative immunofluorescence.
Minimal change disease
- AKI (also accept renal failure)
- Sepsis
- Trauma
- PE
- Malignancy
Name 2 EKG findings associated with hyperkalemia
Accept: Tall peaked T waves, ST segment depression, shortened QTc, PR prolongation and eventual absent P waves.
Most common cause of postrenal failure
Prostatic Enlargement
Cancer
Bilateral kidney stones
Anti-hypertensive most commonly associated with kidney stone formation (uric acid stones)
Thiazide (also accept diuretics)
In Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, this medication can be given to those who do not respond to steroids.
Cyclosporine, (also except mycophenolate and cyclophosphamide)
Echocardiographic findings of Takotsubo cardiomypathy (or stress induced cardiomyopathy)
Apical ballooning
Best next step for a patient with Torsade de Pointe?
Defibrillation THEN magnesium.
Do not accept Mag as a first answer!
Name the five indications for urgent hemodialysis.
1. Acidois with a pH <7.1
2. Electrolytes- refractory hyperkalemia >6.5
3. Intoxications- drugs and toxins such as salicylates, lithium, isopropanolol, methanol, ethyelene glycol
4. Overload- volume overrefractory to diuresis
5. Uremia- elevated BUN with signs of uremia including pericarditis, neuropathy, uremic encephalopathy etc.
Kidney stone with an acidic urine pH
Uric Acid stone
In membranous nephropathy, this classic description is seen on electron microscopy.
"Spike and Dome" appearance. Immune complexes are deposited in a thickened basement membrane
What type of heart failure does a chronic VSD cause? (left or right?)
Left!
Cannon A waves is associated with this
Complete heart block
When an individual is taking diuretics, this equation is preferred over FeNa and a percentage of what is suggestive of Prerenal AKI.
FeUrea- less than or equal to 35%
Hexagonal shaped kidney stone
Cysteine stone
I tried to fix your hypotension but gave you bradycardia instead. What pressor am I?
Phenylephrine (pure alpha)
Name for mid-diastolic auscultatory finding associated with left atrial myxoma
Tumor plop
It can drop you dead instantly...
Brugada Syndrome
What is RIFLE criteria
This Classification criteria states that acute kidney failure is defined as a three-fold increase of serum creatinine or decrease in GFR of >75% or a urine output of <0.3 ml/kg per h for >24 h or anuria for >12 h
Post-bariatric surgery crystallopathy
Oxalate crystals
Infection (pseudomonas)
Give an indication for ICD implantation in a patient with HCM.
- Sustained VT/VF
- SCD survivor
- Septum size >=3cm
- Family hx of SCD
- Syncope < 6 months