FRQ
A small molecule that binds to a large and changes its shape
What is a ligand?
Two organelles with chemiosmotic and electron transport systems
What are chloroplast and mitochondria?
Blood clotting after a wound involve these blood components and this type of feedback mechanism
What are platelets and positive feedback?
This mutation type is caused by the addition or deletion of one base and causes
What is a frameshift mutation and excessive missense or nonsense?
Hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates osmolarity and conserves water
What is antidiuretic hormone or ADH?
Type of receptor the stretches across the plasma membrane
What is a transmembranne receptor?
How the cell moves molecules and ions against the concentration gradient
What is ATP hydrolysis?
How the primary transcript can code for multiple proteins
What is alternative exon splicing?
Crossing over, bacterial conjugation and random fertilization have this in common
What is increase genetic diversity?
DNA replication is described as semi-conservative because
What is each old strand acts a template for one new strand?
How to activate an inactive kinase
What is phosphorlaytion?
How the elements in proteins and nucleic acids differ
What is proteins have S, nucleic acids have P?
What happens when plant cells are placed in a hypertonic solution?
What is plasmolysis or lose water to the solution?
This brings the next amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain
What is tRNA?
Substituting a nonpolar R group for a polar R group affects these levels of protein structure
What is secondary and tertiary level?
How the activated signaling molecule changes the protein produced by the cell
What is move into the nucleus and act as a transcription factor?
The cell is growing in size and producing organelles and proteins
What is G1?
How DNA is amplified and separated in DNA analysis
What is PCR and gel electrophoresis?
Type of bond holding the adjacent amino acids together?
What is a covalent bond?
Viruses that infect bacteria
What are bacteriophages?
Two ways adding a small complementary RNA strand to mRNA affects its function
What is cause degradation or block translation?
How the mitochondria gets the energy to move protons against the concentration gradient to drive chemiosmosis
What is electrons flowing down the electron transport chain, or the cytochrome system?
The number of RNA bases/amino acid
What is 3?
A set of sequentially coordinated genes in prokaryotes
What is an operon?
Chemical produced during exercise that increases blood glucose levels
What is epinephrine?