Macromolecules
What are the four types of macromolecules?
Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
What is an enzyme?
a substance that increases the speed of a reaction by lowering the activation energy
mitochondria
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What did Watson and Crick discover about DNA?
They built the 3D model
What is the function of a lipid?
long term energy storage
What binds to the active site to cause a reaction to occur?
substrate
What stores water, salt, and waste?
vacoule
unzipping, pairing, joining
Initiation, elongation, termination
How did Franklin discover the shape of DNA?
Name all of the elements in a nucleic acid
C, H, O, N, P
What is the substance called that decreases the energy a reaction needs?
catalyst
What is the protein factory where protein synthesis occurs?
Ribosomes
What is the process of transcribing DNA and translating it into amino acids?
protein synthesis
What is Chargaff's Law?
A=T and C=G. same percentage
Give an example of a disaccharide (2 sugar rings)
Glucose, sucrose, fructose, cellulose, starch, whole grains
What are three things that affect enzyme function?
temperature, pH, and concentration
Where is chemical energy captured and converted into cellular energy?
chloroplast
Where does translation occur?
Cytoplasm/ ribosome
What are the three parts of the cell theory?
1. The cell is the basic unit of living things
2. All living things are made from cells
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
How many amino acids are there in the human body?
20
What is the difference between a catabolic and anabolic reaction?
anabolic- bringing two molecules together
catabolic- breaking down molecules
What breaks down macromolecules and acts as a digestive enzyme?
lysosome
What does mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA stand for?
messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
What is the central dogma of biology?
DNA - RNA - Protein