The Classical Era
The era of the first civilizations came before the classical era. During the era of the first civilizations, agriculture was a staple of their societies, and therefore they were located near water. This led to larger population size, more advanced technology, and more cities thus leading to the civilizations of the classical era.
What was occurring in Europe during this time?
The middle/dark ages. There was a distinct emphasis on catholicism. There was a monarchy and feudalism emerged.
Where & when did the Renaissance take place?
Italy- 1300 CE-1500 CE
Define ideology and give an example of one
A system of ideas and beliefs, otherwise known as philosophies, and religion. Many of these ideologies have influenced the evolution of civilizations throughout time - up until the present.
Examples include Confucianism, Buddhism, Christianity, & etc.
Define Secular and Sacred and how are they different.
Secular- worldly/non-spiritual
Sacred- Religious
Name three civilizations that we learned about during the classical era
Ancient China, Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece
What Chinese dynasty did we learn about during the post-classical era?
The Song Dynasty
TRUE OR FALSE:
All people regardless of social status were able to take part in the rebirth that the renaissance brought to society?
FALSE- there were still social classes during this time. The people at the bottom of the social hierarchy were not able to partake in the arts and music. It was elite culture.
Where did Buddhism emerge and where did it spread?
Buddhism originated in India and spread throughout Asia.
What is the Pact of Umar?
The Pact of Umar was a treaty, or an agreement, between Muslims and non-Muslims (such as Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians). At the time of the Pact, the Muslim empire had conquered many lands where non-Muslims had lived. This Pact established the arrangement of how non-Muslims would fit into a Muslim-controlled society. The pact assured protection of non-muslims by Muslims as long as they paid a tax each year.
Where did the first democracy emerge?
Athens
What was the main philosophy of post-classical china?
Confucianism
What type of government did they have during this time period?
An Oligarchy- meaning 3-9 wealthy people ruled
What are three major differences and three similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism?
Differences:
1. Buddhists believe that life is full of suffering
2. Hinduism has a caste system
3. There is no God in Buddhism
Similarities:
1. originated in India
2. belief in Karma
3. belief in Reincarnation
Define reincarnation & Name a religion that believes in this.
Reincarnation means when we die we are born into a new body.
Hinduism & Buddhism both believe in this.
How did religion change/evolve during the classical era?
Religions became more formal
shift to monotheistic religions (ex. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam)
Which other time period overlapped with the post-classical era?
The renaissance
What were they trying to "rebirth" during this time period?
During the renaissance, they were trying to rebirth art, music, and ideas from Classical Greece and Rome after the dark/middle ages.
What is the name of the belief in China that good rulers got their authority from the Gods? Name one ruler that used this.
The mandate of heaven.
Qin Shi Huang used this to legitimize/justify his rule during the classical era in china (The warring states period).
Define the Hindu Caste System & explain how the social structures of China & India are different
The Hindu Caste System believes in karma and reincarnation. It divides Hindus into four main categories- Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and the Shudras based on who they were in their past life, their karma, and what family line they come from.
One of the major differences is that China had a class system and India had a caste system.
What were the three ways in which Rome's government changed & why?
Rome began as a monarchy, then moved to a republic, and lastly was an autocratic empire.
Rome started as a monarchy and became a republic when it began to expand its territory. During the republic, the senate felt like Julius Ceaser was becoming too powerful and murdered him. After the senators murdered Julius Ceasar they became an autocratic empire.
How did the location of the Islamic Caliphate influence trade with other Civilizations?
It served as a middleman for trade between Africa, Europe, and Asia.
What time period came before the Renaissance and what was happening during that time?
Medieval/Dark/Middle ages came before the Renaissance. During this time period, there was an interest in the church and sacred things.
What religions emerged from the Arabian peninsula?
Islam, Judaism, & Christianity
What is Filial Piety & What time period did we learn about it?
Respecting one's relationship between one's parents, elders, and ancestors. We learned about this during the post-classical era (China- Song Dynasty)