Microbes
Name 3 types of microbe
Fungi, bacteria, viruses
How many levels to the immune system are there?
3 levels
What does the first level of the immune do?
Prevent microbes from entering the body
Name a fermented food
Cheese, yoghurt, bread, beer, wine
Penicillin ...
Name a helpful microbe
Yeast, lactobacillus...
Name one site for the first level of defence and a defence mechanism there
Skin, mouth, eyes, stomach, nose...
What could someone do to reduce the spread of pathogens?
Wear face mask, wash hands, cover mouth when sneezing
What microbe is used to make beer, wine or bread
Yeast
What type of microbe causes athletes foot?
Fungi
Name a pathogen
Virus e.g. HIV, corona virus, E. coli, salmonella
Describe the second level of defense
Phagocytes non-specially engulf and destroy pathogens
What are vaccines made of?
Attenuated (weakened) or dead viruses
Name 2 ways of preserving food
Pickling, refrigerate, smoking, canning, salting, fermenting, vacuum packed
What is the smallest microbe?
Viruses
What are the unique shapes on the outside of a pathogen called?
Antigens
What cells produce antibodies?
White Blood Cells
Why can you not be sick from the same pathogen twice?
The body keeps some antibodies that match that pathogen so they can be made quickly next time.
What gas is not required for fermentation?
Oxygen
What did Alexander Flemming discover?
Antibiotics
What 4 things do microbes need to survive?
Warmth, oxygen, moisture, food
Describe the third level of defence
White blood cells produce antibodies that are specific to antigens on the outside of pathogens. When they attach they signal for the pathogen to be destroyed.
What do antibiotics fight?
Bacteria
What bacteria is used to make yoghurt or cheese?
Lactobacillus
What did Edward Jenner find the cure for using milk maids?
Smallpox