Disorders
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
Hallucinations
active maintenance of information in short-term storage; draws from both new information coming in through the senses and older, previously stored information; "mental chalkboard"
working memory
common name for debate about the influence of genetics (biology) and life experiences on human development
nature v nurture
test subject of new theories of language acquisition under tragic circumstances; denied normal human contact for about the first twelve years of life
"Genie"
the relatively permanent and possibly limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes both declarative and procedural memory.
long-term memory
a psychological disorder characterized by detachment from realty, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression
schizophrenia
the processing of information into the memory system
Encoding
Jean Piaget's theory of ______________ development suggests that certain 'mental abilities' are acquired as a child matures
cognitive
the time during which language develops readily and after which (sometime between birth and puberty) language acquisition is much more difficult and ultimately less successful
critical period
organizing items into smaller familiar, manageable units; aids memory retention and retrieval
chunking
Which is true in determining whether a person has a psychological disorder?
(A) interference with a person’s ability to cope with everyday life
(B) social awkwardness
(C) detachment from reality
(A) interference with a person’s ability to cope with everyday life
the concept that memory is changeable, by factors such as suggestions after an event, misleading questions, etc.
memory malleability
When applied to brain development, the process by which unused neural connections in the brain atrophy and die.
pruning
the way in which words are arranged to make phrases and sentences (also known as grammar)
syntax
The primacy-recency effect suggests that greater memory occurs for information located where in a sequence (list)?
first and last
false, persistent beliefs that one is being pursued by other people
persecutory delusions (or paranoid delusions)
depth of transforming information, which influences how easily we remember it (shallow --> deep)
levels of processing
part of brain area responsible for thinking, planning, and language; not fully developed in adolescents leading to poor impulse control
prefrontal cortex
Chomsky's term for a hypothesized mental structure that enables humans to learn language, including the basic aspects of grammar, vocabulary, and intonation.
language acquisition device (LAD)
A grand scale false belief in one's own superiority, greatness, or intelligence. Ex: "I need to get to Washington for my meeting with the president;" a detachment from reality
Delusion of grandeur
"catalog" of labels and explanations of psychological disorders
DSM-5
When memory decay (fade) happens it is not a matter of accessibility, but this...
availability
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, what happens to a child's moral reasoning as they mature?
becomes increasingly complex/sophisticated
the study of the language’s meaning
“A mind is a terrible thing to waste.”
“Do you mind if I sit next to you?”
The word mind has two different meanings even though they are spelled the same and sound the same.
semantics
Memory theory involving the claim that, when a memory is retrieved, it returns to its temporary, vulnerable form. The memory trace is susceptible to change or alteration at this time.
reconsolidation theory