Trade, Finance, and Globalization
4 Issue Areas of IPE
What are International Trade System, International Monetary System, MNCs, and Economic Development?
Raw materials, Natural resources, and Agricultural yields
What are Commodities?
Boomerang Pattern
What is when: A domestic NGO is unable to access its government; It reaches out to external NGOs to pressure from outside; and These NGOs amplify the demands through states and/or IOs?
Globalization
What is an increase in "globalism?" Networks of interdependence across multicontinental distances?
Prevent an adversary from taking an action
What is Deterrence?
three institutions of the Bretton Woods System
What are the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)?
Provides public goods, Lowers free riding, and Funds economic institutions
What is Hegemonic Stability Theory (HST)?
The Four Kinds of Tactics used by TANs
What are Information politics, Symbolic politics, leverage politics, and accountability politics?
Tragedy of the Commons
What is: When individuals – acting in their own short-term self-interest – deplete a limited shared resource even though it is not in the collective, long-term interest?
Individual Actions --> Collective Costs
Make an adversary stop an already occurring action
What is Compellence?
What are Illicit trade, Illicit transfer, and Illicit finance?
The two types of International Law
What are Hard Law [Legally-Binding] and Soft Law [Politically-Binding]?
The meaning and definition of TANs
What are "Transnational Advocacy Networks"? What are "includes those actors working internationally on an issue, who are bound together by shared values, a common discourse, and dense exchanges of information and services"?
Collective Action Problem
What is: When individuals – acting as a collective – would all benefit from a certain action, but that action has an associated cost which self-interested individuals do not want to personally pay?
Individual Inactions --> Collective Costs
Normative inhibition against first use of nuclear weapons
What is a / the "Nuclear Taboo"?
Floating Exchange Rate
What is: do not maintain a set value for their currency. Value of a currency relates to market-driven supply and demand?
The two types of International Institutions
What are International Organizations (IOs) and International Regimes (IRs)?
three main types of interventions
What are Colonial, Cold War, and Post-Cold War?
Strategic Triad
What are Land (silos), Sea (submarines), Air (bombers)?
Involves long-term Military, Diplomatic, and Economic statecraft
What is Grand Strategy?
Fixed Exchange Rate
What is: fixes the value of its currency to an external standard, such as a precious metal or another country’s currency?
The two phases of International Law
What are Commitment (Signing) and Compliance (Implementation)?
Evans and Sahnoun (2002)
What are: Just cause, Right intention, Last resort, Proportional means, Reasonable prospects, and Right authority.
Tannenwald (2018)
What is the nuclear "taboo"?
1) Impossible to view nuclear weapons as "just another weapon"
2) Taboo reinforces mutual deterrence between nuclear powers
3) Taboo undermines deterrence between nuclear and nonnuclear states
4 Options for U.S. Grand Strategy
What are Restraint, Deep Engagement, Liberal Internationalism, and Conversative Primacy?