S6E3 a-d: Water

Water Where?

100

Covering more than 70% of the planet's surface, these massive bodies of salt water contain about 97% of all water on Earth.

What are the oceans?

200

Roughly two-thirds of Earth's total freshwater is locked away and completely frozen in these slow-moving sheets of ice.

What are glaciers?

300

Excluding the massive ice sheets frozen in glaciers, this underground zone holds the largest remaining reservoir of freshwater on the planet.

What is groundwater?

400

Approximately what percentage of Earth's total water is salt water found in the oceans?

About 97%

500

Explain the difference between salt water and fresh water.

The primary difference between saltwater and freshwater is their salinity, or salt concentration.

The Water Cycle

100

This process happens when the sun heats water in oceans or lakes, turning it from a liquid into an invisible gas.

What is evaporation?

200

What is the specific scientific term for the process where liquid water is released from the leaves of plants and turned into water vapor in the atmosphere, essentially acting as "plant sweat"?

What is transpiration?

300

The 4 main types of Precipitation are:

Rain, Snow, Hail, and Sleet.

400

Often called "plant sweat," this process occurs when moisture is carried through a plant's roots and released as vapor through tiny pores in its leaves.

What is transpiration

500

Explain the water cycle.

•  The sun heats liquid water in oceans, lakes, and rivers, turning it into a gas called water vapor that rises into the air.
• Transpiration: Plants release liquid water from their leaves, which also evaporates into water vapor.
• Condensation: As warm water vapor rises, it cools down and turns back into tiny liquid water droplets or ice crystals, forming clouds.
• Precipitation: When clouds get too heavy with water droplets, the water falls back to the Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
• Runoff and Infiltration: Water that falls to the ground flows over the land as runoff into rivers and oceans, or soaks into the soil (infiltration) to become groundwater. 

 

Ocean Floor Topography

100

This gently sloping, relatively shallow region of the ocean floor extends from the edge of a continent to the shelf break, where the water suddenly gets much deeper.

What is the Continental Shelf?

200

This massive, underwater mountain range winds its way through the globe's oceans for over 40,000 miles, formed where tectonic plates are pulling apart to create new oceanic crust.

what are mid ocean ridges?

300

Representing the deepest zones on the planet, these long, narrow, V-shaped depressions are formed at convergent plate boundaries where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another in a process called subduction.

What are trenches?

400

What are the 8 ocean floors?

Seamount, Mid-Ocean ridge, trench, Continental Shelf, Continental Slope, Abyssal Plain, Guyot (Gee-yoh), and Volcanic Island.

500

Which trench is the deepest trench in the Pacific Ocean?

The Marianas trench is the deepest trench in the Pacific Ocean.

Waves, Tides, and Currents

100

This type of ocean wave is generated by the friction of wind blowing across the water's surface, and its size depends on wind speed, wind duration, and the distance over open water that the wind blows.

What are waves

200

Driven primarily by global wind patterns and the rotation of the Earth, these massive, continuous loops of rotating ocean currents circulate water across entire ocean basins.

What are gyres?

300

Making up the vast majority of the deep ocean floor, these dark, flat, and features plains sit between the continental rise and mid-ocean ridges.

What are abyssal plains?

400

Generated by the intense pressure of deep-sea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or underwater landslides, these powerful waves have incredibly long wavelengths.

What are tsunamis?

500

What are waves tides and currents? Explain how they activate.

Waves are a movement of energy through a body of water. They activate by the intensity of the wind and how long they are consistent. Tides are the rise and the fall of the sea level compared to the land. They are activated by the moon's gravity. Currents are a stream of moving water that flows through the oceans. They work by the wind, temperature and density.

Random

100

This vital process occurs in the leaves of green plants, where they use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to create their own food (glucose) and release oxygen into the air.

What is photosynthesis?

200

This part of a plant cell acts like a stiff outer wall, providing structural support and protection, and is completely absent in animal cells.

What is the cell wall?

300

This outermost, rocky layer of the Earth is broken into large pieces called tectonic plates, and it includes both the dry land we walk on and the ocean floor.

what is the crust?

400

This taxonomic group is the second broadest rank in the biological classification system, sitting just below Domain, and divides all living things into major groups like Animals, Plants, and Fungi.

What is a Kingdom?

500

This is the middle layer of the Earth, located right beneath the crust, and it makes up about 84% of our planet's total volume.

What is the mantle?