Medications
This medication promotes cardiac contractility and decreases afterload.
Name it...
Pimobendan
Bounding femoral pulses are felt.
Differentials?
PDA and aortic regurgitation
You auscultate a middle-aged Irish Wolfhound for its yearly exam, and you hear and irregularly irregular rhythm. ECG shows irregular R-R intervals.
Name the rhythm...
Bonus: what medications can be used to treat it?
Atrial Fibrillation
Bonus: Diltiazem and Digoxin
A 10 year old female spayed Cavalier King Charles Spaniel walks into your hospital.
Diagnose it...
MMVD
This medication is a loop diuretic...
A 14 year old male neutered DSH presents for weight loss, increased activity levels, ravenous appetite, and a newfound heart murmur.
What can you feel on physical exam to support your presumptive diagnosis?
Bonus: what is your presumptive diagnosis?
Thyroid slip
Hyperthyroidism with Thyrotoxic Cardiomyopathy
What rhythm can ventricular tachycardia become?
Bonus: How can we medically intervene?
Ventricular Fibrillation
Bonus: Lidocaine
A 5 year old male neutered Doberman walks into your hospital.
Diagnose it...
DCM
A 3 year old male intact, mostly outdoor, Mixed Breed Dog presents to emergency services with a history of collapse after exercise. A 3/6 left basilar diastolic murmur is heard. Echocardiogram reveals pulmonary hypertension. 4Dx positive for heart worms.
What is your treatment protocol? Be specific...
Institute heartworm preventions
Doxycycline for 1 month
Melarsomine injection one month after completing doxycycline. Then 1 month after that. Then 1 day following second injection.
A 2 year old male neutered DLH presents with marked abdominal pain and a history of straining to urinate.
What PE findings can support your presumptive diagnosis?
Bonus: What bloodwork abnormalities do you expect to find?
Enlarged and firm bladder
**Bradycardia**
Bonus: Severely elevated BUN, Creatinine, Phosphorous and Potassium
What test distinguishes primary vs secondary third-degree AV block?
Bonus: describe a Third-degree AV block
Atropine response test
Bonus: No correlation between p waves and QRS complexes. Severe bradycardia.
A 7 year old female spayed Boxer walks into your hospital.
Diagnose it...
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
An 11 year old male neutered DSH presents in respiratory distress with a 4/6 left apical systolic heart murmur.
What medication can you administer that has the strongest vasodilation effects?
Oxygen therapy
A 5 month old female intact Golden Retriever presents to the primary vet for a wellness exam. They auscultate a loud right-sided mid-systolic parasternal murmur.
What do you suspect this pup has?
Bonus: how does loudness correspond with severity of disease?
Ventricular Septal Defect
Bonus: the louder the murmur, the smaller the defect
A 3 year old female spayed Standard Poodle presents to you on emergency for acute onset hematochezia. She presents laterally recumbent, dull, hypothermic (98.7*f), and bradycardic. Harsh crackles are heard cranioventrally.
Presumptive diagnosis?
What ECG findings do you expect to see?
Bonus: what are the treatment options for the suspected electrolyte abnormality?
Addisonian crisis
T waves, widened QRS complexes, and absent P waves
Bonus: Dextrose, Insulin, Albuterol, Terbutaline, Calcium Gluconate
An 8 week old puppy is regurgitating after every meal but is able to ingest liquids.
Diagnose it...
Persistent Right Aortic Arch
Lidocaine, Atenolol, Amiodarone, and Diltiazem fall under 4 different anti-arrhythmic drugs.
What classes do they fall under and what is their MOA?
Class 1b, 2, 3, 4
Sodium channel blocker, Beta blocker, Potassium channel blocker, and Calcium channel blocker
"Stretch Before Playing Catch"
An 8 year old male neutered DSH presents in suspected CHF. Heart is difficult to auscultate and pleural effusion and cranioventral B-lines are found on POCUS.
What sided heart failure is this cat in? Explain...
Indeterminate on this imaging modality alone. Pleural effusion in cats can occur based on either side due to the presence of pleural veins in the left atrium.
What characteristics warrant medical intervention of VPCs?
Heart rate greater than 180 BPM
R on T phenomenon
Sustained couplets
Polymorphic
Diagnose it...
Pulmonic Stenosis