Topic 2; Measuring Temperature
Topic 3; The Particle Model Of Matter
Topic 4; Expansion And Contraction
Topic 5; The Particle Model And Changes of state
Topic 6; Transferring Energy
100
Please answer the following vocabulary word:
_________ is a series of equally divided sections that are marked and numbered for use in measurement.
Answer:scales
100
What are the four points to the particle model of matter?
• All substances are made of tiny particles too small to be seen.
• The particles are always in motion — vibrating, rotating, and (in liquids and gases) moving from place to place.
• The particles have spaces between them.
• The motion of the particles increases when the temperature increases. The motion of the particles decreases when the temperature decreases.
100
Name the three states of matter, and give one example of each that is located in the classroom.
3 states of matter- solid, liquid, gas.
Examples of solid; desk, chair, whiteboard,e.t.c.
Examples of liquid; water, possibly coffee,e.t.c.
Examples of gases; oxygen
100
Please list the six changes of state(including the states it involves), and give a name for each one.
The changes of states:
100
Which of the three forms of energy transfer symbolizes the waves at a baseball game?
Answer:Conduction
200
________ made a thermometer like the one above.
Galileo made this thermometer in the early seventeenth century.
200
What does the law of conservation of energy state?
Please give an example of this(with the names of the energy transfer).
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that: Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transformed from one type to another or passed from one object to another.
Examples are endless-they can include how mechanical energy goes to thermal energy when you hit a nail in wood.
200
Please analyze the following image. What do you notice(in terms of volume/amount)?
Students should say something along the lines of:
The amount of expansion and contraction of a material is the same.
200
Please answer the following three questions:
When is aluminum a liquid?
When is silver a gas?
When is lead a solid?
Answer:
Aluminum is a liquid-661℃-2518℃
Sliver is a gas-2162℃ or hotter
Lead is a solid-328℃ or colder
200
________is the process of transferring thermal energy through direct collisions between particles.
Answer: Thermal Conduction
300
Please name the three scales of measuring temperature and the units for each.
Answer:
1. Celsius(most commonly used)-degrees Celsius
2. Fahrenheit(known most commonly to be used in the U.S)- degrees Fahrenheit
3. Kelvin Scale(used to measure very cold temperatures)- kelvins (K)
300
Fill in the blanks:
______ is a measure of something’s ability to do work.
Hot-air balloons, ovens, a hot tub — these and many other devices are designed to release and transfer _________ (energy associated with hot objects).
______ happen when there is a difference of energy.
Energy; thermal energy; changes
300
What state of matter contracts/expands the most?What state of matter contracts/expands the least?
Please explain why.
Gases contract/expand the most, while solids contract/expand the least. This is because the particles in a solid have less space between them, meaning there is less space to move. Gases, on the other hand, contract/expand the most, since the particles have more space between them and are less organized.
300
What does change during a phase change? Provide one example. What doesn't change? Provide 2 examples.
In a phase change, the arrangement and the total energy of the particles changes. On the other hand, the average energy and temperature don't change.
300
Fill in the blanks(you must answer ALL the blanks correctly for the point):
Poor conductors are called ______. When insulators are wrapped around an object, they _______(pace) the transfer of thermal energy to or from the surroundings. The object stays warm or cold _____(time comparison).
Answers:
heat insulators; slow down; longer.
400
Explain the difference between a bimetallic strip and a thermocouple.
Answer:
Bimetallic strip-A bimetallic strip is made of two different metals joined firmly together. As the strip is heated, one metal expands more than the other. The strip is forced to coil more tightly. When the strip cools, the process is reversed. The same metal that expanded rapidly now contracts rapidly and the strip uncoils again.
Thermocouple-In a thermocouple, wires made of two different metals are twisted together. When the twisted wire tips are heated, a small electrical current is generated. The amount of current depends on the temperature of the wires. Thermocouples can measure temperatures so high that ordinary laboratory thermometers fail because the liquid in them would start to boil. They cannot be used to measure low temperatures accurately.
400
What is energy measured in AND why?
It is measured in joules, in honor of James Joule-an amateur scientist who devoted his life to studying energy.
400
Either on the board OR on a piece of paper, please draw(on a graph)what happens to a thermometer immediately after being placed in ice cream AND left in for a while-please describe why each part of your graph looks the way it is. In addition, label at least one feature of your graph(reaching a state of equilibrium, plateauing, e.t.c.)
The graph should look like a U, with the down most part reaching a state of equilibrium(being flat). A feature that could be labeled is the final part of the U-shape coming back to room temperature, or perhaps the state of equilibrium being reached.
400
Please explain evaporative cooling, and provide at least one example of this phenomenon.
In a drop of liquid, particles are moving at many different speeds. At the surface of the drop, some of the faster-moving particles are able to escape into the air. Slower-moving particles stay in the liquid state. Slower motion means lower average energy, however, and this means lower temperature. As high-energy particles evaporate, the remaining liquid cools. The cool liquid then cools the surface on which it isresting. Scientists call this phenomenon evaporative cooling.
Examples:
• Joggers feel cold as their clothes dry out after getting soaked in a rainstorm.
• A homeowner sprays the roof of a house with water to cool the house on a hot summer day.
• A first-aid worker puts a wet cloth on the forehead of a person with a high fever.
400
Please name at least one attribute(s)/characteristic(s) about radiation, and give an example that describes how radiation moves/behaves.
Possible attributes/characteristics:
• They can be absorbed and reflected by objects.
• They travel across empty space at the same very high speed:300 000 km/s.
Other answers not listed here can be considered.
500
For the following scenarios, please choose the most appropriate temperature-measuring instrument to use in each situation below.
(a) controlling an electric frying pan
(b) making long-term temperature records at a weather office
(c) detecting small forest fires before they spread
a)Bimetallic strip
b)Recording thermometer
c)Infrared Thermogram
500
Answer the following questions for the images:
• What has high energy? What has low energy?
• What change is being caused as energy is transferred?
• What source provides energy for the change? To what is the energy transferred?
500
Why are gases so hard to observe? Describe a way that you can observe a gas, and explain why it works.
Note: Student must correctly answer all parts of the question in order to obtain the point.
Gases are hard to observe because they are colorless. You can take a balloon and fill it up with a gas to observe it-this works because a balloon is a flexible container which will show the expansion/contraction in a gas.
500
Please answer ALL the following questions(you must answer ALL correctly to get the point:
What is the definition of heat capacity?
What does specific heat capacity describe?
What does heat capacity depend on?
500
Using words or diagrams on the board, please describe how a convection current works, with the heat source being a candle.
Student should describe the picture above.
