Ecosystem Basics
One single organism
Individual
This is a lose-lose situation. When species compete for limited resources like food, water, or space, neither species benefits, and populations sizes are limited .
Competition
Means "living together." Describes a long-term relation between two different species living in close association.
Symbiosis
Oargenregion of Earth defined by a specific combination of average annual temperature and precipitation, which together make up climate. Climate is not day to day weather, it's long term patterns over many years. For example tropical rainforests have wam temperatures year round and very high rainfall.
Biomes
Refers to how much salt is dissolved in the water. It determines which organisms can survive and whether the water is suitable for drinking.
Salinity
A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area.
Population
A win-lose situation where one organism benefits by gaining energy, while the other is harmed or killed.
Predation
Both species benefit from the relationship, and in many cases, they depend on each other for survival. A great example is the coral ref ecosystem. Another example is lichen, which is made of fungi and algae living so closely together that they function as a single organism.
Mutualism
The two most important and defining characteristics of biomes.
Temperature and precipition
Affects how much sunlight can penetrate the water. It directly impacts photosynthesis.
Depth
Includes all the living organisms in a given area.
Community
A win-win relationship where both species benefit.
Mutualism
Both species are negatively affected because resources are limited.
Competition
Biomes are distributed in very predicatable patterns based on___.
Latitude
Is the movement of water. Faster-moving water tends to have higher levels of dissolved oxygen.
Flow
Includes both living and nonliving components
Ecosystem
When one species benefits and the other is not affected. In other words, a "free ride" of sorts.
Commensalism
Happens through species adaption. Allows populations to grow and ecosystems to remain stable.
Resource Partitioning
Another critical biome characteristic is called____. For example, plants need this in the soil to grow. This strongly influences which plants and how many species can survive in a biome.
Nutrient Availability
We are speaking about what characteristic when we refer to, for example, warmer water holds less dissolved oxygen, which limits how much life the ecosystem can support.
Temperature
A large geographic region with a similar climate. Climate determines which plants and animals can survive there. For example, tropical rainforests are warm and wet, which allows for extremely high biodiversity.
Biome
Living components are called_____, while non living components are called____.
*Must say both in correct order.
Biotic and Abiotic
___occurs when species use the same resource at different times. Ex. wolves and coyotes.
____happens when species use different areas of the same resource. Ex. Plants may grow roots at different soil depths, or birds may nest in differerent parts of the same tree.
____occurs when species adapt different body structures . Ex. different jaw sizes for different prey.
Temporal partitioning
Spatial partitioning
Morphological partitioning
Which biome has nutrient rich soil because moderate temperatures allow decomposers to recycle nutrients effectively?
Temperate forests
Name the 4 freshwater zones in lakes.
Littoral Zone
Limnetic Zone
Profundal Zone
Benthic Zone