Anthropology
What does physical anthropology study?
a) Human cultures
b) Human origins
c) Learned behaviour
b) Human origins
What is reinforcement?
a) Something the individual finds pleasant
b) Any event that strengthens or increases a response
c) Anything that decreases a response
b) Any event that strengthens or increases a response
Norms are:
a) Shared rules of conduct
b) Guidelines for individual behaviour
c) Specific laws enforced by society
a) Shared rules of conduct
A hypothesis is:
a) A possible answer to a research question
b) An observation of behaviour in a natural setting
c) A summary of research findings
a) A possible answer to a research question
The Little Albert experiment was conducted by:
a) Ivan Pavlov
b) John B. Watson
c) B.F. Skinner
b) John B Watson
What is ethnocentrism?
a) A belief that all cultures are of equal value
b) When you adopt another person's culture as your own
c) The evaluation of other cultures based on preconceptions about your own culture
c) The evaluation of other cultures based on preconceptions about your own culture
What does classical conditioning best explain?
a) The ability to drive a car
b) Cleaning your room so your mom will give you dessert
c) Getting hungry as soon as the lunch bell rings
c) Getting hungry as soon as the lunch bell rings
What is systemic discrimination?
a) The act of promoting discrimination via media
b) Discrimination supported by societal systems and structures
c) Stereotypes taught by institutions
b) Discrimination supported by societal systems and structures
What is qualitative data?
a) Data represented by numbers
b) Non-numerical data like observations or interviews
c) A statistical analysis of behaviour
b) Non-numerical data like observations or interviews
What did the Skinner box demonstrate?
the use of reward and punishment can influence behaviour
Archaeology is:
a) The discipline that studies the physical remains of past cultures through excavation and reconstruction
b) The discipline that studies all aspects of a culture, including language and material artifacts
c) The discipline that studies chimpanzees and other primates
a) The discipline that studies the physical remains of past cultures through excavation and reconstruction
What is the key primary agent of socialization, especially during the first 10 years of life?
a) Peers
b) Media
c) Family
c) Family
What is anticipatory socialization?
a) The process of learning how to behave in future situations
b) Resocialization into new norms
c) Socialization during early childhood
a) The process of learning how to behave in future situations
what are the 3 types of interviews an anthropologist would use to find information, and what are their "interviewees" called
Informants
What was unethical about the Little Albert Experiment?
• The experiment was conducted without the knowledge or consent of Albert's parents
• Creating a fear response is an example of psychological harm
• Watson did not desensitize Albert to his fear of rats
what do Anthropologists seek to understand?
what makes us human through archaeology and observation of living cultures throughout the world
The psychological explanation for imagining an “angel and devil” during a decision is:
a) Id/Ego/Superego
b) Conscious/Unconscious
c) Persona/Shadow
a) Id/Ego/Superego
Talcott Parsons's controversial belief is:
if something existed in many societies, it must serve a necessary purpose
This idea was controversial since it suggests that the negative aspects of society, such as discrimination, serve a purpose
What is the unintended side effect of lessons learned in the education system?
a) Primary socialization
b) Hidden curriculum
c) Cultural norms
b) Hidden curriculum
What was the purpose of Pavlov's Dog Experiment?
to prove that classical conditioning is one way that nearly all organisms learn to adapt to their environment
Which research method would most likely be used to test how students respond to a smile in the hall?
a) Sample survey
b) Experiment
c) Content analysis
b) Experiment
Repression is:
a) When someone forgets a traumatic memory
b) When someone says one thing but means another
c) When someone acts out subconscious aggression
a) When someone forgets a traumatic memory
Gender roles are:
a) Internalized by one’s family
b) Based on cultural norms of masculine or feminine behaviour
c) All of the above
c) All of the above
Who first used the term "sociology"?
a) Comte
b) Durkheim
c) Zimbardo
a) Comte
Why is ethical research important?
a) To protect participants from harm and maintain trust in research
b) To create more valid results
c) To allow researchers to repeat the experiments freely
a) To protect participants from harm and maintain trust in research