Neuro-fiss
CPP divided by CVR
What is cerebral blood flow
The posterior margin of the foramen magnum in the midline
What is the opisthion
Phalen's test
What is 30-60 sec of complete wrist flexion exaggerates or reproduces pain in carpel tunnel syndrome (+ in 80% of cases)
The most common primary malignant pediatric brain tumor
What is medulloblastoma
The "part" of bone between the superior and inferior articular processes
What is the pars interarticularis
Tight junctions (zona occludenetes) found between cerebral capillaries limits the passage of water-soluble substances from the blood to CNS
What is the blood-brain barrier
Results in dolichocephaly or scaphocephaly
What is sagittal synostosis
A primitive reflex, present in infacy, uisually disappearing by 10 months of age, presumably under inhibitory control as myelination of the CNS occurs. Presence indicates an UMN lesion somewhere along the corticospinal tract anywhere from then motor strip down to L4
What is Babinski sign
The most common primary intra-axial tumor in the adult posterior fossa
What is hemangioblastoma
Structure primarily responsible for C1/2 stability that passes posterior to dens, attaching to the C1 arch bilaterally
What is the transverse atlantal ligament
High output of dilute urine with normal or high serum osmolality due to low levels of ADH (can be neurogenic or nephrogenic)
What is diabetes insipidus
Results from bilateral coronal synostosis
What is brachycephaly
Trendelenburg sign
What is patient raises one leg while standing. Examiner observes pelvis from behind. Positive = pelvis tilts downtoward the side of the lifted leg, indicating weakness of the contralateral thigh adductors (primarily L5 innervated)
Both of these masses are usually developmental, benign, and arise from retained ectoderm
What are dermoid and epidermoid cysts
Two key radiographic intervals for evaluating craniocervical stability
What are the basion-dens interval (>12 mm abnormal) and the basion-axial interval (> 12 mm anterior subluxation; >4 mm posterior subluxation)
Three diagnostic criteria for SIADH
What are (1) Hyponatremia; (2) inappropriately concentrated urine (ie., low serum osmolality or high ration of urine to serum osmolality); (3) no renal or adrenal dysfunction
Lambdoid plagiocephaly is not usually from unilateral lambdoid synostosis, but rather this phenomenon
What is positional plagiocephaly (positional flat head syndrome)
In addition to nuchal rigidity, these two signs are classic for meningismus
What is Kernig's sign (flex thigh to 90 degrees with knee bent, then straighten knee - positive sign if this causes pain in hamstrings) and Brudzinski's sign (flex patient's neck - involuntary hip flexion is a positive sign)
The least common secretory pituitary adenoma
What is thyroid stimulating hormone secreting adenoma
At least 3 of 4 key risk factors for nonunion of type 2 odontoid fractures
What are age > 50, displacement > 6mm, comminuted fracture, treatment delay > 2 weeks
Renal loss of sodium due to intracranial disease, producing hyponatremia (mimics SIADH, but usually includes hypovolemia)
What is cerebral salt wasting
Harlequin eye sign (supraorbital margin higher than normal side), sometimes causing amblyopia, can be found with this type of craniosynostosiss
What is unilateral coronal synostosis
Grasping a sheet of paper between thumb and index finger results in extension of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and flexion of the distal phalanx due to substituting flexor pollicus longus (innervated by anterior interosseous nerve) for the weak adductor pollicus
What is Froment's prehensile thumb sign (seen in ulnar nerve entrapment)
May present with a rare pediatric syndrome that includes cachexia due to hyeractivity, over-alertness and hypoglycemia
What is hypothalamic glioma (diencephalic syndrome)
Pelvic incidence = X + Y
What are pelvic tilt and sacral slope