DNA and RNA
Mutations
Replication & Transcription
Translation
Potpourri
100
Monomer of a nucleic acid
What is a nucleotide?
100
This is an organism's total genetic material
What is a genome?
100
This is the direction in which DNA Polymerase adds nucleotides.
What is 5' - 3'
100
The main goal of translation.
To translate nucleotide sequences into polypeptide sequences.
100
This type of DNA is taken from two different sources and is combined in one cell.
What is rDNA? (Recombinant DNA)
200
Phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base
What are nucleic acids composed of?
200
Define mutation.
What is a random change in genetic material?
200
Meselson and Stahl discovered this property of DNA replication.
What is semi-conservative?
200
True or false: During the initiation stage of Translation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the large ribosomal subunit before attaching to the mRNA.
What is False?
200
This process separates DNA molecules based on size.
What is gel electrophoresis?
300
Rosalind Franklin's work using X-Ray diffraction helped these two scientists determine the the double-helix structure of DNA in 1956.
Who are Watson and Crick?
300
AGATCATGA --> AGATACATGA is an example of this type of mutation.
What is a frameshift mutation?
300
DNA ligase bonds these fragments of the lagging strand together.
What is Okazaki fragments?
300
This site of the ribosome accepts mRNA.
What is the A site?
300
This is a cluster of functional genes that can be repressed or induced.
What is an operon?
400
This type of base pairing is used in DNA.
What is complementary?
400
This disease is caused by a trisomy of the 21st chromosome.
What is Downs Syndrome?
400
This is the site within a DNA sequence where transcription begins.
What is a promotor?
400
This type of bond is used in the polypeptide sequence to bind amino acids.
What is a peptide bond?
400
This process uses TAQ Polymerase to rapidly create copies of DNA.
What is PCR?
500
Name three main differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA has one less oxygen than RNA, DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded, DNA has Thymine as a base and RNA has uracil as a base, DNA stores genetic information for the cell and RNA carries genetic messages from DNA for protein synthesis
500
Out of the following types of mutations, which one is the LEAST harmful: point, insertion or deletion. Why?
What is a point mutation? Point mutations only change one base, therefore only one codon will be mutated. This will only result in one different protein. With the insertion or deletion of a base (frameshift mutation), the entire sequence is affected, therefore all of the codons code for a different protein.
500
In Eukaryotes, these 3 steps are taken to process mRNA.
1.) Poly-A tail is added to the 3' end. 2.) Cap is added to 5' end. 3.) Introns are excised.
500
The main function of tRNA.
To transfer Amino Acids to the ribosome.
500
This scientist suggested that the inheritable trait of producing a lethal substance to mice could be inherited by the R-strain bacteria.
Who is Griffith?
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