Identify the Question Type
Based on the texts, how would the researchers in Text 2 most likely respond to the underlined portion in Text 1?
Cross-Text Connections
Visual artist Gabriela Alemán states that the bold colors of comics, pop art, and Latinx culture have always fascinated her. This passion for the rich history and colors of her Latinx community translates into the ______ artworks she produces.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A. vivid
B. unknown
C. definite
D. reserved
A. vivid
Define "solitary" or use it in a sentence
Done or existing alone
Hiroshi Senju is known worldwide for his paintings of waterfalls. These paintings are large and tend not to show the entire waterfall. Instead, Senju focuses on just the point where the falling water reaches the pool below, keeping the top of the waterfall out of view. While Senju’s paintings are rooted in art movements originating in the United States, the artist uses traditional Japanese techniques and materials that make his work instantly recognizable.
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
A. It introduces an artist and then explains some common characteristics of well-known paintings by that artist.
B. It explains a specific painting technique and then provides examples of artists who use the technique.
C. It describes a famous painting and then compares it to a lesser-known painting from the same time period.
D. It gives an opinion on an artist and then suggests multiple reasons why the artist’s work has been largely overlooked.
A. It introduces an artist and then explains some common characteristics of well-known paintings by that artist.
Microplastics are pieces of plastic that are smaller than a grain of rice. These small plastics can be found in large quantities in ocean waters. Ecologist Jessica Reichert and her team are studying the role reef-building corals have in capturing microplastics from ocean waters. Through research, her team has found that these corals may be storing up to 20 million kilograms of microplastics each year in their skeletons and tissues.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
A. Ecologists are interested in learning more about how certain corals build large reefs.
B. Questions remain around the impact certain corals have on ocean ecosystems.
C. Microplastics are small pieces of plastic that can be found in ocean waters.
D. Ecologists predict that corals store large amounts of microplastics from ocean waters.
D. Ecologists predict that corals store large amounts of microplastics from ocean waters.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
Text Structure and Purpose
In the mid-nineteenth century, some abolitionist newspapers ______ westward migration in the United States; by printing a letter that described the easy fortunes and high salaries miners could make in California during the Gold Rush, Frederick Douglass’s newspaper North Star was one such publication that inspired readers to relocate.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A. stimulated
B. assigned
C. opposed
D. disregarded
A. stimluated
Define "suppress" or use it in a sentence
to stop by force/to put an end to
Historians Tiya Miles and Roy E. Finkenbine have both documented the assistance Indigenous peoples gave to Black freedom seekers leaving the South before the US Civil War. Much of the historical evidence of this help comes from Indigenous oral traditions and from autobiographies written by the freedom seekers. One such narrative is Jermain Loguen’s autobiography, which tells about how Neshnabé (Potawatomi) villagers offered him food, lodging, and directions during his 1835 journey from Tennessee to Canada.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence?
A. It provides an example of an autobiography that describes help given by an Indigenous people to a Black freedom seeker.
B. It shows why Loguen decided to write in great detail about his experiences traveling from Tennessee to Canada in his autobiography.
C. It argues that autobiographies are particularly important sources of information about geography in the United States before the Civil War.
D. It suggests that most historians believe that Neshnabé villagers were more successful in assisting freedom seekers than other people were.
A. It provides an example of an autobiography that describes help given by an Indigenous people to a Black freedom seeker.
Psychologists wanted to test how young children think about rewards and fairness. In an experiment, two teachers handed out rewards while children (ages four to six) watched. The teachers gave out the same number of rewards, but one of them counted the rewards out loud. The children were then asked who was fairer. 73% chose the teacher who counted. The psychologists think that counting showed the children that the teacher wanted to be fair. The children may have believed that the teacher who did not count did not care about fairness.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
A. Psychologists think children cannot understand the concept of fairness until they are six years old.
B. An experiment found that counting out loud is the best way to teach mathematical concepts to children.
C. Psychologists think young children expect to be rewarded when the children show that they care about fairness.
D. An experiment showed that the way rewards are given out may affect whether young children think the situation is fair.
D. An experiment showed that the way rewards are given out may affect whether young children think the situation is fair.
Which choice best describes data from the graph that weaken the team’s hypothesis?
Central Ideas and Details (Quantitative)
Stars form in cloudlike swirls of gas and dust that cannot be touched‚ but astrophysicist Nia Imara believes these formations need not remain completely ______ to researchers: she uses simulation data and sophisticated 3D printers to produce interactive models of these stellar nurseries.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A. repeatable
B. explicable
C. regrettable
D. intangible
D. intangible
Define "canonical" or use it in a sentence
Recognized as being accurate and authoritative/Included in a list of sacred books accepted as genuine
The following text is from the 1924 poem “Cycle” by D’Arcy McNickle, who was a citizen of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes.
There shall be new roads wending,
A new beating of the drum—
Men’s eyes shall have fresh seeing,
Grey lives reprise their span—
But under the new sun’s being,
Completing what night began,
There’ll be the same backs bending,
The same sad feet shall drum—
When this night finds its ending
And day shall have come.....
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A. To consider how the repetitiveness inherent in human life can be both rewarding and challenging
B. To question whether activities completed at one time of day are more memorable than those completed at another time of day
C. To refute the idea that joy is a more commonly experienced emotion than sadness is
D. To demonstrate how the experiences of individuals relate to the experiences of their communities
A. To consider how the repetitiveness inherent in human life can be both rewarding and challenging
A common assumption among art historians is that the invention of photography in the mid-nineteenth century displaced the painted portrait in the public consciousness. The diminishing popularity of the portrait miniature, which coincided with the rise of photography, seems to support this claim. However, photography’s impact on the portrait miniature may be overstated. Although records from art exhibitions in the Netherlands from 1820 to 1892 show a decrease in the number of both full-sized and miniature portraits submitted, this trend was established before the invention of photography.
Based on the text, what can be concluded about the diminishing popularity of the portrait miniature in the nineteenth
century?
A. Factors other than the rise of photography may be more directly responsible for the portrait miniature’s decline.
B. Although portrait miniatures became less common than photographs, they were widely regarded as having more artistic merit.
C. The popularity of the portrait miniature likely persisted for longer than art historians have assumed.
D. As demand for portrait miniatures decreased, portrait artists likely shifted their creative focus to photography.
A. Factors other than the rise of photography may be more directly responsible for the portrait miniature’s decline.
It can most reasonably be inferred from the text that the finding about the microorganism community composition was important for which reason?
Central Ideas and Details
Diadromous fish migrate between freshwater and marine biomes during their life cycle. The migration’s obligate nature is
why diadromous fish can be ______ those that are merely euryhaline (able to tolerate high salinity): the euryhaline blackchin
tilapia can survive high salinity, but its life cycle does not involve relocation to a different biome, as does that of the
diadromous wild salmon.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A. demarcated from
B. reconstituted as
C. conflated with
D. derived from
A. demarcated from
Define "conversely" or use it in a sentence
In contrast or in an opposite way.
The following text is from Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s 1910 poem “The Earth’s Entail.” No matter how we cultivate the land, Taming the forest and the prairie free; No matter how we irrigate the sand, Making the desert blossom at command, We must always leave the borders of the sea; The immeasureable reaches Of the windy wave-wet beaches, The million-mile-long margin of the sea.
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
A. The speaker argues against interfering with nature and then gives evidence supporting this interference.
B. The speaker presents an account of efforts to dominate nature and then cautions that such efforts are only temporary.
C. The speaker provides examples of an admirable way of approaching nature and then challenges that approach.
D. The speaker describes attempts to control nature and then offers a reminder that not all nature is controllable.
D. The speaker describes attempts to control nature and then offers a reminder that not all nature is controllable.
Believing that living in an impractical space can heighten awareness and even improve health, conceptual artists Madeline Gins and Shusaku Arakawa designed an apartment building in Japan to be more fanciful than functional. A kitchen counter is chest-high on one side and knee-high on the other; a ceiling has a door to nowhere. The effect is disorienting but invigorating: after four years there, filmmaker Nobu Yamaoka reported significant health benefits.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
A. Although inhabiting a home surrounded by fanciful features such as those designed by Gins and Arakawa can be rejuvenating, it is unsustainable.
B. Designing disorienting spaces like those in the Gins and Arakawa building is the most effective way to create a physically stimulating environment.
C. As a filmmaker, Yamaoka has long supported the designs of conceptual artists such as Gins and Arakawa.
D. Although impractical, the design of the apartment building by Gins and Arakawa may improve the well-being of the building’s residents.
D. Although impractical, the design of the apartment building by Gins and Arakawa may improve the well-being of the building’s residents.
Which finding, if true, would most directly support Suarez, Pérez-Huerta, and Harrell’s claim?
Command of Evidence (Textual)
K.D. Leka and colleagues found that the Sun’s corona provides an advance indication of solar flares—intense eruptions of
electromagnetic radiation that emanate from active regions in the Sun’s photosphere and can interfere with
telecommunications on Earth. Preceding a flare, the corona temporarily exhibits increased brightness above the region
where the flare is ______.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A. antecedent
B. impending
C. innocuous
D. perpetual
B. impending
Define "Mitigate" AND use it in a sentence
To lessen the intensity of something
Studying late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century artifacts from an agricultural and domestic site in Texas, archaeologist Ayana O. Flewellen found that Black women employed as farm workers utilized hook-and-eye closures to fasten their clothes at the waist, giving themselves a silhouette similar to the one that was popular in contemporary fashion and typically achieved through more restrictive garments such as corsets. Flewellen argues that this sartorial practice shows that these women balanced hegemonic ideals of femininity with the requirements of their physically demanding occupation.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A. To describe an unexpected discovery that altered a researcher’s view of how rapidly fashions among Black female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas changed during the period
B. To discuss research that investigated the ways in which Black female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas used fashion practices to resist traditional gender ideals
C. To evaluate a scholarly work that offers explanations for the impact of urban fashion ideals on Black female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas
D. To summarize the findings of a study that explored factors influencing a fashion practice among Black female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas
D. To summarize the findings of a study that explored factors influencing a fashion practice among Black female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas
During the World War II era, some Mexican American women adopted a striking new look called pachuca style. They wore altered men’s jackets or zoot suits (wide-legged, long-coated suits) and dramatic makeup, and they combed their hair into high, rounded shapes. Some people criticized pachuca style, saying it was dangerous and women should dress traditionally. But historians see things differently. They see pachuca style as a form of rebellion against the era’s rigid social expectations for women. They say that it showed a desire for self-expression and freedom on the part of women who adopted the style.
According to the text, how do historians view pachuca style?
A. They think that pachuca style was such a popular trend that it continues to influence fashion in the United States to the present day.
B. They think that pachuca style was a way for some Mexican American women to express themselves and resist strict social expectations.
C. They think that pachuca style was celebrated because it enabled some Mexican American women to show their support for the United States during World War II.
D. They think that pachuca style was similar to other fashion trends that different groups of women adopted in the same period
B. They think that pachuca style was a way for some Mexican American women to express themselves and resist strict social expectations.