Biochemistry
This organic molecule is composed of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
What is a protein
This organelle is the primary site of aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells.
What is the mitochondrion?
This process produces an mRNA strand from a DNA template.
What is transcription?
This type of feedback mechanism amplifies a change away from the set point.
What is positive feedback?
This term describes the maximum population size an environment can sustainably support.
What is carrying capacity?
This type of reaction joins monomers together by removing a water molecule.
What is a condensation (dehydration synthesis) reaction?
This stage of cellular respiration produces pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm.
What is glycolysis?
The three-base sequence on a tRNA molecule that pairs with an mRNA codon is called this.
What is an anticodon?
This hormone lowers blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake by cells.
What is insulin?
The movement of individuals out of a population is called this.
What is emigration?
The primary structure of a protein refers to this specific feature.
What is the sequence of amino acids?
These molecules donate high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.
What are NADH and FADH₂?
This type of mutation changes one nucleotide but does not alter the amino acid produced.
What is a silent mutation?
These structures detect changes in blood glucose levels.
What are the Islets of Langerhans (or pancreatic endocrine cells)?
This type of population growth occurs when resources are unlimited.
What is exponential growth?
This interaction is primarily responsible for stabilizing the secondary structure of proteins (alpha helix / beta pleated sheets).
What are hydrogen bonds?
The movement of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is called this.
What is chemiosmosis?
This enzyme adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand during replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
When blood osmolarity rises, this hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland to increase water reabsorption.
What is ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?
These factors limit population growth regardless of population size or distribution.
What are density-independent limiting factors?
A scientist observes that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction reaches a maximum rate despite increasing substrate concentration. This occurs because of this condition.
What is enzyme saturation (all active sites are occupied)?
A poison blocks oxygen from accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain. This process would immediately stop.
What is oxidative phosphorylation (or ATP production by the ETC)?
A mutation inserts two nucleotides into a coding sequence. This type of mutation will likely occur.
What is a frameshift mutation?
A patient has low metabolic rate, weight gain, and low blood levels of T₃ and T₄. The endocrine gland primarily responsible is this one.
What is the thyroid gland?
A relationship between organisms in an ecosystem whereby a predator species feeds on a photosynthetic species such as a plant or algae.
What is herbivory?