Biochemistry
This class of biomolecules includes sugars and starches and is often used as a short-term energy source.
What are carbohydrates?
This gas is consumed during aerobic cellular respiration.
What is oxygen?
This nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA.
What is uracil?
This feedback mechanism counteracts deviations from a set point.
What is negative feedback?
This term refers to the number of individuals per unit area.
What is population density?
This bond forms between amino acids during protein synthesis.
What is a peptide bond?
This stage of respiration generates most of the ATP in aerobic organisms.
What is oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)?
This enzyme joins Okazaki fragments together during DNA replication.
What is DNA ligase?
This hormone raises blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver.
What is glucagon?
This type of growth curve is S-shaped and reflects environmental resistance.
What is logistic growth?
Changing an enzyme's pH or temperature can alter this aspect of the protein, reducing its activity.
What is its tertiary structure (or active site shape)?
This molecule enters the Krebs cycle after pyruvate is converted in the mitochondrial matrix.
What is acetyl-CoA?
A mutation that changes one amino acid to another without shifting the reading frame is called this.
What is a missense mutation?
When body temperature rises, capillaries respond in this way to increase heat loss from the body.
What is vasodilation?
Competition for food, disease, and predation are examples of these limiting factors.
What are density-dependent factors?
This level of protein structure results from interactions among multiple polypeptide chains.
What is quaternary structure?
This molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
What is oxygen?
This region of DNA binds RNA polymerase and helps initiate transcription.
What is the promoter?
This hormone is released by the adrenal medulla during the fight-or-flight response.
What is epinephrine (adrenaline)?
A population has a birth rate of 30 per 1000 individuals and a death rate of 12 per 1000 individuals. The rate of natural increase is this.
What is 18 per 1000 individuals (or 1.8%)?
A competitive inhibitor decreases enzyme activity by doing this:
What is competing with the substrate for binding to the active site?
A cell is suddenly deprived of oxygen. Name the process that allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD⁺.
What is fermentation?
The small ribosomal subunit and along with this structure scan the mRNA to find the translation start point.
What is a met-tRNA?
Damage to this brain region can disrupt temperature regulation, hunger, thirst, and several endocrine functions.
What is the hypothalamus?
Orchids in the tropical rain forest grow on the branches of trees to access light – they do not affect the growth of the tree. This type of interaction is best described by this term:
What is commensalism?