Carbo-licious
Increasing the number of bonds between carbon atoms _________ the number of other binding sites.
Decreases
How many amino acids are considered essential for humans?
8
True or False? The consumption of enzymes during biological/chemical reactions must occur for most reactions to proceed.
False; enzymes are not consumed during reactions.
DNA stands for _________________
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Name three roles of membrane proteins.
(Any 3/4) Transport, Enzymatic Activity, Signaling, Attachment+Recognition
True or false? Alpha-glucose and beta-glucose are isomers of one another.
True
What types of ends join amino acids together in peptide bonding?
N and C terminus OR carboxyl and amino ends
The ability of an enzyme to change shape to better accommodate a substrate is known as the _________________
Induced-fit model
The 5' end of a DNA strand is characterized by which type of group?
Phosphate
What are the two types of fermentation used by eukaryotes to obtain energy?
Alcohol and lactate
(Ethanol and lactic acid)
Starch and cellulose are examples of what kind of carbohydrates?
Polysaccharide
Met-Ala-Ala-Asn-Gly-Glu-Thr is an example of what type of structure? (1°, 2°, 3°, 4°)
1° Structure
Should the pH of enzymes secreted in the stomach be more acidic or basic than most other "typical" enzymes in the body, whose optimal pH level is 7?
Acidic, for example, pepsin, has an optimal pH of 1.5.
Meselson and Stahl used isotopes of Nitrogen to elucidate that DNA undergoes ____________ replication
semiconservative
What is the name of the process by which ATP is formed from ADP and a phosphate group directly in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
Substrate-level phosphorylation
What is the name of the sugar molecule formed when glucose is combined with galactose?
Lactose
Hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bridges are characteristic of the _________ structure of proteins.
Tertiary (3°)
The lactase enzyme has the ability to break down the substrate lactose. Galactose can bind to the active site of lactase and prevents the breakdown of lactose, leading to symptoms of lactose intolerance. Which type of inhibition is occurring here?
Competitive Inhibition: Galactose prevents lactose from binding to the active site and prevents the breakdown of lactose.
Nonsense
Aerobic respiration produces up to ___ ATP, while fermentation produces ____ ATP.
38, 2
Aerobic respiration produces up to 38 ATP, while fermentation produces 2 ATP.
An alpha 1,4 linkage in maltose results from which two sugars combining?
Glucose + Glucose
The process of changing a protein's three-dimensional structure leading to a loss of function is known as?
Denaturation
In glucose metabolism, hexokinase catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). When [G6P] is high, G6P binds to a site on hexokinase and causes a conformational change at its active site thereby reducing its affinity for glucose. Which type of control/inhibition is occurring here?
Allosteric, where glucose-6-phosphate binds to an allosteric site on hexokinase
During DNA replication, _________________ prevent annealing of parent strands after they are separated by helicase.
Single-strand binding proteins
Which type of solution would cause a red blood cell to swell and burst due to the movement of water into the cell by osmosis?
hypotonic solution